Othandiza ndi ophunzitsa amaphunzira kwambiri kuphunzitsidwa ndi kulangizidwa kuti azitha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komabe, kuphunzitsa luso laumaganizo ndi maganizo kungakhale kofunikira kuti pakhale masewera komanso moyo woposa masewera. Cholinga cha masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kuthana ndi zosowa za m'maganizo ndi zosowa za othamanga. Izi zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso zimapangitsa kuti masewera awo apite patsogolo.
Aliyense amakumana ndi nkhawa, koma othamanga ambiri amakumana ndi zovuta zapakati ndi zakunja zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apambane pa masewerawo. Akatswiri a zamaganizo a masewera amagwira ntchito ndi athandizi kuti athandize kuthetsa mavutowa, kuwongolera masewera awo, ndi kukhala oganiza bwino.
Masiku ano, kuphunzitsa maluso kumakhala mbali yaikulu ya mpikisano wothamanga monga mphamvu, mphamvu, ndi kupirira. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka malingaliro ndi kutchuka kwa kusinkhasinkha, yoga, ndi kuwonetsera machitidwe muzofalitsa zambiri. Kafufuzidwe pa ubwino wa kusinkhasinkha kwa malingaliro pa kupirira ndi kusamalidwa kwapakatipiti kwakhala kofikira ku masewera a masewera. Ndipo othamanga ambiri amapitirizabe kupindula mwa kuwonjezera maphunziro a malingaliro kuti azikhala ozoloŵera kuphunzitsidwa.
Mbiri Yakale
Chiyambi cha masewero a masewera ndi osavuta kudziwa. Ena amakhulupirira kuti izi zinachokera m'maganizo a ena ndi ena omwe amakhulupirira kuti zinachokera ku nthambi ya kuphunzitsa thupi.
Ofufuza oyambirira akuyesa kufufuza momwe masewera othamangitsira maganizo ndi othamanga amakhudzira machitidwe awo a maseŵera angayambike kuyambira m'ma 1920 pamene masewera odzipereka a masewera a maganizo atayamba kudziwika ku Germany, Russia, ndi United States.
Ambiri amaganizira Dr. Coleman R. Griffith bambo ndi woyambitsa masewera a maganizo monga momwe tikudziwira ku United States lerolino.
Anakhazikitsa labu lafukufuku ndipo amaphunzitsa maphunziro a masewera a masewera ku yunivesite ya Illinois m'ma 1920 ndipo adalemba mabuku awiri okhudza psychology of sport: The Psychology of Coaching yofalitsidwa mu 1926 ndi The Psychology of Athletics mu 1928.
Masiku ano
Osakhalanso fad kapena zosangalatsa, masewera a zamaganizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri ambiri othamanga ndi magulu. Ngakhale othamanga othamanga akupeza phindu lowonjezera kuphunzitsa maluso pa ntchito zawo.
Gawo lapadera la maphunziro a masewera a masewera limaphatikizapo ndondomeko yeniyeni ndi yofanana ya maphunziro, kufufuza, ndi kukhazikitsa. Mu 1986, American Psychological Association (APA) inakhazikitsa Gawo la 47 limene limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Palinso magazini angapo ophunzirira, kuphatikizapo International Journal of Sports Psychology, omwe amaperekedwa kotheratu ku maphunziro a masewera a masewera.
Njira Zodziwika
Masewera a masewera a masewera akupitirizabe kukula pamene kafufuzidwe ikuphatikizana, koma pali zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri ambiri a masewera a zamaganizo. Makhalidwe amenewa amatha kukwaniritsa mbali zitatu zapadera zomwe zimapangitsa anthu othamanga kukonzekera m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo.
- Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchita Ntchito: Kuwonetseratu ndi kuyankhulana kwapadera kwakhala nthawi yayitali pamaphunziro a masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi maphunziro. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuthandiza kukonza mpikisano wa wothamanga. Mchitidwe woterewu amalola wothamanga kukonzekera m'malingaliro kuti apange mkhalidwe wangwiro ndi kukhazikitsa "mapu" a maganizo a zotsatira. Sayansi ya kuyang'ana, yomwe imatchedwanso mafano kapena kudzidalira , imasonyeza kuti zochitika zoganiziridwa zimamasuliridwa mofananamo ndi chochitika chenichenicho ndipo motero zimapangitsa kukhala ndi chidaliro komanso luso labwino kwa wothamanga.
Kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti kuwonetsera masomphenya kungapangitse kuti athandizi apindule . Kufanana ndi kuwonetsera, kudziyankhula nokha ndi kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino kungakhale chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa maphunziro a nthawi zonse. Kaya wothamanga ayenera kuyesetsa kumvetsera, kutsogolera ndi kuganizira , kapena kuchepetsa ndi kuthetsa nkhaŵa panthawi zovuta, njira zonsezi zimachepetsa kusokoneza kuti apange masewera othamanga. Akatswiri ena amasonyeza zomwe zimatchedwa kuti placebo zotsatira zotchulidwa ndi zikhulupiriro za wothamanga monga momwe ziwonetsedwera ndi miyambo ndi miyambo yambiri ena othamanga amalumbira.
- Kukhazika mtima pansi ndi Kuwonongeka kwa Vuto : Chigawo china komwe katswiri wa zamaganizo angasokoneze wothamanga ndi kuwathandiza kuti azikhala olimba mtima, makamaka atatha kubwezeretsedwa, kutaya, kapena kuvulala kwakukulu. Luso limeneli ndi lofunikira kwa othamanga ovulala omwe angayambe kukhumudwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuvulala , kudzipatula, kapena kuchotsedwa. Kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito maluso amalingaliro kuti muthane ndi chovulaza -ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya malingaliro kuti mukwaniritse machiritso a thupi -kumveka phokoso labwino. Koma akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi akatswiri a maseŵera amapeza phindu lenileni pochita malingaliro awa.
- Kulimbikitsana ndi Kupsinjika Maganizo: Wopikisano aliyense nthawi zina amatha kukhumudwa, kutsukidwa, kapena kungokhala osasokonezeka kuti aziphunzitsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma nthawi zina zimasonyeza nkhani yakuya. Chilimbikitso-komanso kupanda chidwi-ndi malo ena omwe masewera olimbitsa thupi amatha kuwathandiza kuti athandizi adziwone mizu ya nkhani zawo. Mwinamwake iwo ali odwala mwakuthupi kapena m'maganizo, kunyalanyaza , kapena ngakhale kukumana ndi mavuto ena.
Chilimbikitso sichiri nthawi zonse chofuna kupeza nyimbo zabwino nyimbo kapena kuwerenga mawu olimbikitsa . Nthawi zina, vuto lenileni ndi kusowa chidwi ndi maganizo, zakuthupi, kapena zachikhalidwe. Katswiri wa zamaganizo odziwa bwino masewera angadziwe nkhani yaikulu ndikuthandizira wothamanga kupanga njira ndi kukhazikitsa zolinga zoyenera kubwezeretsa chilakolako chosewera.
Kodi Masewera Amaganizo Amaganizo Ati?
Katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amagwira ntchito ndi athandizi kuti athetse bwino maganizo awo ndi maganizo awo poyesetsa kulimbikitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pogwira ntchito ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo, akatswiri ambiri amatha kuona masewera awo akusintha kwambiri. Koma, ngakhale izi sizikuchitika, ambiri makasitomala adzapeza kuwonjezeka kwa maganizo awo komanso kukhazikika pa masewerawo.
Dziko la masewera a masewera ndi lalikulu komanso losiyana. Akatswiri ena amagwira ntchito ndi akatswiri a maseŵera kaya mmodzi kapena mmodzi kapena magulu. Ena amakonda kugwira ntchito ndi othamanga masewera, ana, kapena othamanga masewera enaake.
Kukhala katswiri wa masewera odziwa zamaganizo kumafuna zonse zomwe amaphunzira komanso zothandiza. Njira zophunzitsira zimasiyananso ndi psychology yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamaphunziro ambiri aphunziro. Muyezo wa golide umafuna digiri yapamwamba, monga PhD ku Psychology, ndi maphunziro apadera ndi othamanga. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri a Master amakhalanso ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi m'maganizo.
Ngakhale kuti ndi ocheperapo, ophunzitsa ena omwe amadzipangira okhaokha komanso okhulupirira ena omwe amatha kupitako amathandizanso akatswiri ambiri omwe amathandiza kuti athandizi azivutika maganizo, nkhawa, komanso ntchito zomwe zimagwirizana ndi maganizo awo komanso zikhulupiriro zawo. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza masewera a masewera monga masewera kapena dokotala, muli zambiri zomwe mungazifufuze .
Zotsatira:
Brouziyne M, Molinaro C. Chithunzi cha malingaliro kuphatikizapo kuwonetseratu zochitika za anthu oyambitsa gofu. Malingaliro ndi Zojambula Zamagalimoto. 2005 Aug; 101 (1): 203-11.
Driediger, Molly; Hall, Craig; Callow, Nichola, Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ochita maseŵera ovulala: kusanthula khalidwe. Journal of Sciences Sports, March, 2006.
Isaac, AR Makhalidwe Abwino - Kodi Amagwira Ntchito M'munda? Katswiri wa Maphunziro a Masewera, 6, 192-198, Mat 1992.