Chimodzi mwa zowonjezereka zoganiza za yoga ndikuti ndizale kwambiri. Tikayamba kuchita yoga asanas , timalimbikitsidwa kukhulupirira kuti maonekedwe athu matupi ndi gawo la kachitidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe kameneka kamene kamakhala koyambidwa kuyambira zaka mazana ambiri. Koma pamene pakhala pali chinachake chotchedwa "yoga" kwa nthawi yaitali, sichimafanana ndi zomwe ife tikutanthauza tsopano ndi mawu.
Kodi ndi zaka zingati zomwe timakumana nazo mu kalasi yamakono ya yoga? Pamene zikutembenuka, mwinamwake sizakalamba kwambiri.
Asana m'malemba akale
Pali malemba angapo omwe amalembedwa mobwerezabwereza monga maziko a filosofi pambali ya yoga, koma kutchulidwa pang'ono kwa zoga za yoga kumapangidwa mwa iwo. Mu Bhagavad Gita , mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti asana asanagwiritsidwe ntchito amatanthauza mpando. Momwemonso, mu Yoga Sutras ya Patanjali , asana, imodzi mwa miyendo isanu ndi itatu ya yoga, imatanthawuza malo osasunthika komanso osasunthika oti asinkhesinkhe, malinga ndi katswiri wina wa yoga Mark Singleton, wolemba Yoga Body: Origins of Modern Posture Practice (2010), momwe amachitira momwe kusintha kwa yoga kumakhalira. Buku lina lakale, la Hatha Yoga Pradipika , "limafotokoza maulendo khumi ndi anayi, omwe amakhala pampando khumi ndi umodzi, omwe amalimbikitsa anayi kuposa ena onse (siddha, padma, simha ndi bhadra): awa onse amakhala pansi posinkhasinkha," akutero Singleton.
Kubweranso Kwatsopano kwa Asana
Kotero ngati sikunenedwa m'malemba akale, kodi zoga zinachokera kuti? Kafukufuku wa Singleton amatsimikizira kuti yoga asanayidziwa lero idakhala mbiri yakale posachedwapa, kupyolera mu zochitika zina kuphatikizapo kayendetsedwe kadziko ka chikhalidwe cha m'zaka za zana la 19, zomwe zinayambitsa njira zambiri zatsopano ndipo zinatsindika makhalidwe abwino, chikoka a ku British machitidwe ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (makamaka pa zochitika zowoneka) ku India, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa dziko la Indian, lomwe linkafuna kuzindikiritsa ndi kulimbitsa thupi lawo.
Nkhani ya Singleton imalimbikitsa mphamvu ya T. Krishnamacharya pa yoga yam'mbuyo yamakono. Chiphunzitso cha Krishnamacharya, chomwe chinapangidwa ndi mphamvu ya Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar ya Mysore, inakula bwino m'ma 1930 ndi 40s ku Mysore Palace ngati gawo la maphunziro a anyamata, makamaka a sukulu yapamwamba.
Kufunika kwa Mysore
Phunziro la NE Sjoman la 1996, The Yoga Tradition ya Mysore Palace , limafotokoza mozama momwe zinthu zinapangidwira Krismasiya ya yoga kusintha ndi kulengeza, makamaka kudzera mwa ophunzira ake amphamvu BKS Iyengar ndi K. Pattabhi Jois . Sjoman, katswiri wa ku Sanskrit yemwe anakhala ku India kwa zaka zambiri, kuphatikizapo zaka zisanu ku Pune nthawi yomwe anaphunzira ndi Iyengar, analoledwa ndi banja la Wodeyar kuti lifalitse gawo lina la zolembedwa kuchokera ku Mysore nyumba yotchedwa Sritattvanidhi . Kupangidwa nthawi ina pakati pa 1811 ndi 1868, zolembedwerazi zikuwonetsera ndi kutchula asana 121. Ambiri amadziwika monga maimidwe omwe timayesetsa lero, ngakhale ambiri omwe ali pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana. Sjoman akuwonetsa mphamvu za njira zophunzitsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omenyana ndi Amwenye pazinthu zambiri, komanso kupereka umboni wakuti Krishnamacharya adapezeka ku maphunziro a masewera olimbitsa thupi a ku Ulaya pa nthawi yomwe ankayenda yogashala ku Palace.
Sjoman kapena Singleton sapeza umboni wakuti Yoga Korunta alipo, malemba akale omwe Krishnamacharya ndi Jois adanena kuti ndiwo omwe anayambitsa njira yomwe Jois anaitcha Ashtanga Yoga.
Chikhalidwe Cholimba
Ngati mukuyang'ana mavidiyo a Pattabhi Jois ndi BKS Iyengar akuchita ma yoga monga momwe anapangidwira ndi Krishnamacharya (yomwe ilipo pa YouTube), ndizosangalatsa kuona kuti ntchito isanayambe ngakhale zaka 60 zapitazo. Ngakhale kuti Jois ndi Iyengar ndi osamvetsetseka a masasa, kayendetsedwe kawo kowoneka ngati kovuta, ngakhale kovuta. Palibe wovina-monga chisomo chomwe tabwera kuti tichite chidwi m'zaka zaposachedwapa.
Umboni umasonyeza kuti kusinthika kwa yoga asanapangidwe ndi anthu ochepa omwe akhala pansi kumayendetsedwe koyambako kumalo omwe takhala tikuzoloŵera kumachitika zaka 200 zapitazo, kuwonjezeka kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo, kukonzekera mwambo kukuwoneka kolakwika . Kumvetsa kusintha monga mbali yoga yogaŵira kungatilole kumasula chiyanjano chathu kufunikira kwa mbiri ndi kuona mmene ntchitoyi ikupitilira. Sjoman akunena izi monga mwambo wodabwitsa, wolemba bwino mizu ya yoga m'mbuyomo ndi kusinthika chilengedwe.
Zotsatira:
Singleton, Mark. Thupi la Yoga: Chiyambi cha Zopangira Zamakono Zamakono . Oxford University Press, 2010.
Singleton, Mark. Msonkhano waumwini, October 2012.
Sjoman, NE, Mwambo wa Yoga wa Mysore Palace . Abhinav Publications, New Delhi. Magazini Yoyamba 1996, Second Edition 1999.