Makhalidwe a moyo wokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha matenda
Kulima kwa nkhuku kumbuyo ku United States kwakhala kukudziwika bwino ndi njira yopita kumalo ena okhala ndi moyo. Kwa okonda ambiri, ulimi wa nkhuku sizongokhala zokondweretsa; Ndizomwe zimasonyeza kuti anthu ali ndi udindo wothandiza anthu, nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa mpweya wa mpweya pomwe pakuonetsetsa kuti zinyama zimasamalidwa m'njira yowongoka, yowongoka .
Ngakhale kuti minda yambiriyi ikugwirizana ndi malamulo a umoyo ndi chitetezo m'deralo, ena amauluka bwino pansi pa radar. Kawirikawiri, kufunitsitsa kulandira ulimi wa "chirengedwe" kwachititsa anthu ena kunyalanyaza zowateteza pofuna kuteteza okha ndi ziweto zawo ku matenda.
Mphungu ya Salmonella Yogwirizanitsidwa ndi Zipinda za Kumbuyo
Kukula kotchuka kwa ulimi wa nkhuku kumbuyo kwagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi kutuluka kwa Salmonella m'mayiko 48. Malinga ndi uphungu wochokera ku US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), milandu 790 ya salmonellosis yatsimikiziridwa mwa anthu omwe adalumikizana ndi ziweto za kumbuyo pakati pa January ndi June 2017. Mwa izi, mavoti 174 ankaonedwa kuti ndi oopsa ndipo ankafuna chipatala.
Ziwerengero izi zikusonyeza kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha milandu yomwe imapezeka ku ulimi wa nkhuku kumbuyo. Poyerekeza, ziphuphu zokwana 53 zinatsimikiziridwa kuyambira 1990 mpaka 2014, zomwe zinabweretsa milandu 2,360, 387 hospitalizations, ndi ana asanu.
Chiwerengero cha zaka zitatu kuyambira chaka cha 2015 mpaka 2017 chikufanana ndi chiwerengerocho.
Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengerochi chikutsikabe, chiŵerengero chimenechi chawonjezeka chikudetsa nkhaŵa akuluakulu a zaumoyo.
Salmonella ndi Zizindikiro za Poizoni Zakudya
Salmonellosis ndi dzina la matenda omwe amabwera ndi mabakiteriya a Salmonella.
Mabakiteriyayo amakhala m'mimba mwa anthu ndi nyama ndipo amatha kupititsidwa makamaka kudzera mu zakudya zomwe zasokonezedwa ndi nyansi zakutchire.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya Salmonella-Salmonella bongori ndi Salmonella enterica-komanso mitundu yambiri yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi poizoni wa zakudya. Zizindikiro za salmonellosis zimakhala zofanana ndi za chimfine cha m'mimba ndipo zingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Fever
- Mimba imagwa
- Kuthamanga
Zizindikiro zimawoneka maola 12 mpaka 72 mutatha kuwonekera ndipo zimatha kukhala paliponse masiku 4 mpaka 7. Ambiri amadzipangira okha popanda mankhwala.
Komabe, kwa ana aang'ono, okalamba, ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo a chitetezo cha m'thupi, salmonellosis amatha kudwala matenda aakulu komanso oopsa. Mwa anthuwa, matenda ena amatha kufalikira ku magazi omwe amachititsa matenda akuluakulu, omwe amatchedwa Salmonella septicemia. Chithandizochi chimafuna kuti munthu azikhala m'chipatala komanso mankhwala opha tizilombo.
Ku United States, salmonellosis imapha anthu pafupifupi 1.2 miliyoni ndipo imapha anthu pafupifupi 400 pachaka. Matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa anthu ambiri kuchipatala kusiyana ndi matenda ena aliwonse omwe amadya chakudya , kuphatikizapo E. coli, ndipo amachititsa kuti boma likhale ndi ndalama zoposa $ 365 miliyoni pachaka.
Salmonellosis Akugwirizana ndi Zovuta Zochita za Kulima
Salmonella enterica ndi mtundu wa bakiteriya womwe umagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhuku zowonongeka. Ngakhale kudya nkhuku kungayambitse matenda, nkhuku mazira ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Malingana ndi Dipatimenti ya Ulimi ya US (USDA), S. enterica matenda mu nkhuku zimathamanga pafupi 10 peresenti, kuposa kawiri mlingo anawona mu broilers.
Pakati pa alimi a kumbuyo, kusamalira bwino ndi kusamalira nkhosa kumawoneka kuti ndilo vuto lalikulu la kuphulika kwa Salmonella. Izi zikuwoneka ngati zowona kwa iwo omwe amakhala ndi ziweto zing'onozing'ono monga zoweta kapena mazira atsopano, mazira aakulu.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi University of California-Davis Dipatimenti ya Zinyama Zanyama m'chaka cha 2014 anasonyeza kuti, pakati pa okonda panyumba, pakhalabe kusowa kuzindikira za nkhuku zokhudzana ndi thanzi.
Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya enieni analola alendo kuti alowe m'kati mwawo koma 40% peresenti ankavala zida zoteteza poyeretsa. Zonsezi zimaonedwa kuti sizili bwino. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi chiwerengerochi ndi chakuti alimi ambiri samadziwa zambiri za matenda a nkhuku monga chiwindi cha avian kapena matenda a Marek (kachilombo koyambitsa matenda oyambitsa chiwombankhanga chinkawona mliri m'magulu osasaka).
Zina mwa zochitika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa makamaka ndi chiopsezo cha salmonelis:
- Kulephera kusonkhanitsa mazira osachepera tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka nyengo yofunda
- Osasakaniza mazira atangotha kusonkhanitsa
- Kusasamba m'manja mutatha kugwira nkhuku kapena kuyeretsa nkhuku
- Kupsompsona kapena kugwedeza nkhuku ngati ziweto
- Kulephera kugawaniza nkhuku zooneka bwino
- Kufesa minda ndi mchere watsopano, womwe umatha kuwononga mbewu
Salmonellosis mu nkhuku ndizooneka bwino: adzakhala ofooka, ali ndi madzi otsekula m'mimba, ndikumanga chisa chofiira. Mabwana adzakhala atachepetsa kwambiri kupanga dzira.
Kusamba kapena Kusamba Mazira a nkhuku
Chinthu china chachikulu cha matenda a Salmonella ndi kusamba kosayenera kwa mazira a nkhuku. Alimi ambiri omwe ali ndi nzeru amalangiza kuti asamatsuke ngati izi zingathe kuchotsa gelatinous "pachimake" zomwe zimasindikiza ndi kuteteza dzira ku mabakiteriya. M'malo mwake, amavomereza kusakaniza kapena kupukuta kochepa kuchotsa mafuta owonjezera omwe amatsatira firiji kapena 40 ° F.
Mazira nthawi zambiri amatsuka ngati amasonkhanitsa nthawi yomweyo. Mazira owopsa kwambiri ndiwo omwe akhala pansi pa chisa kwa masiku angapo, ndipo izi ziyenera kutayidwa.
Ngati mutasankha kusamba mazira, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madziwa ndi osachepera 90 madigiri. Kutentha kwa madzi otentha kumathandiza kuti dzira likhale ndi phokoso ndikupukuta dothi ndi zowonongeka kuchokera ku pole. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira, mosiyana, kumatsegula pores ndikuyambitsa zowonongeka mkati. Madzi amayenera kuzungulira mazira pamene mukuwasamba. Musalole kuti mazira akhale m'madzi, amadzimiza. Pambuyo kutsuka, zitsani mazira bwinobwino ndi refrigerate.
Malangizo Othandizira Kuteteza Salmonellosis
Ngakhale salmonellosis ikhoza kuchitika nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, chiwopsezo chimakhala chapamwamba m'miyezi ya chilimwe pamene kutenthedwa kwa kutentha kumapangitsa malo abwino kwa mabakiteriya. Kaya muli ndi nyumba ya kumbuyo kapena muteteze nkhuku monga abwenzi okongola, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze ku Salmonella.
Mmodzi mwa awa ndi mbiri ya hatchery yomwe mumayambitsa mbalame zanu. Musagule nkhuku kapena nkhuku zamoyo kuchokera ku china chirichonse kupatula munthu wotsutsa ovomerezedwa ndi Plan USDA National Improvement Plan (USDA NPIP). Pewani obereketsa osadziwika, kuphatikizapo ochita zokolola zapadera ndi alimi ena a kumbuyo.
Pofuna kupewa Salmonella kusamalira kapena kuyang'anira gulu lanu:
- Sungani kansalu yanu nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo pansi, zisa, ndi zinyama.
- Sinthani chakudya ndi madzi nthawi zonse, tsiku lililonse.
- Valani magolovesi ndi nsapato zoteteza mukamayeretsa.
- Nthawi zonse musambe m'manja mukatha kuthana ndi nkhuku kapena kusonkhanitsa mazira.
- Sambani manja anu panja osati kukwera kukhitchini.
- Chotsani mbale zoyera ndi zipangizo zina zaulimi panja.
- Musadye kapena kumwa kumalo kumene mbalame zimakhala kapena kuyenda.
- Musalole mbalame m'nyumba, makamaka pamene chakudya chikukonzekera.
- Musalole ana kapena alendo kuti alandire nkhuku monga ziweto.
- Musapereke anapiye kwa ana ngati mphatso.
- Sakanizani mbalame iliyonse yodwala ndipo mwamsanga kambiranani ndi veterinarian wanu.
- Onetsetsani kuti gulu lanu liyenera katemera katemera wa nkhuku.
- Pewani manyowa kwa masiku osachepera 45 musanagwiritse ntchito monga kompositi. Panthawi ya machiritso, peŵani kuwonjezera mchere watsopano kwa mulu wochiritsidwa kapena wochiritsidwa.
Pofuna kuteteza salmonellosis ku mazira atsopano:
- Sungani mazira nthawi zambiri, kamodzi kamodzi m'mawa komanso kamodzi masana.
- Mukasamba mazira, chitani kunja kunja osati kukhitchini.
- Pewani mazira osweka kapena odetsedwa.
- Musasunge mazira kutentha kwa maola oposa awiri.
- Cook mazira bwinobwino. Musadye mazira yaiwisi.
> Zotsatira:
> Basler, C .; Nguyen, T .; Anderson, T .; Hancock, T .; ndi Barton Behrahvesh, C. "Kuphulika kwa Matenda a Salmonella Ogwirizana ndi Live Poultry, United States, 1990-2014." Emerg Anzeru Dis. 2016; 22 (10): 1705-1711.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Kuphulika kwa Mayiko Osiyanasiyana a Anthu a Salmonella Matenda Okhudzana ndi Nkhuku Zomwe Zimakhala M'nyumba Zam'mbuyo." Atlanta, Georgia; inatulutsidwa pa July 13, 2017.
> Elkhoraiba, C .; Blatchford. R ;; Pitesky, M ;; ndi Mench, J. "Nkhuku za kumbuyo ku United States: Kafukufuku wa eni ake a nkhosa." Ombela nkhuku. November 1, 2014; 93 (11): 2920-2931.
> Dipatimenti Yachikhalidwe ya US. "Zithunzi Zamtundu wa Salmonella Zimachokera ku Nyama ndi Nkhuku, January 1998 mpaka December 2014." Washington, DC; zasinthidwa pa August 11, 2016.
> Whiley, H. ndi Ross, K. "Salmonella ndi Mazira: Kuchokera Kukonzekera Kukhala Mbalame." Int J Zomwe Zingakuthandizeni Kukhala ndi Thanzi Labwino. March 2015; 12 (3): 2543-2556.