Mbewu Yowonjezereka ya Matenda Kuchokera Zatsopano ndi Zomwe Zachitika pa Izo
Kubweranso mu March 2013, lipoti lochititsa chidwi lochokera ku US Centers for Disease Control (lomwe limadziwika kuti CDC) linasonyeza kuti pafupifupi theka, 46% molondola, za matenda onse omwe anachititsa kuti anthu azikhala m'zipatala kapena imfa pakati pa 1998-2008 zokolola zatsopano. Chiwerengero ichi chakhala ndi anthu pamwamba pa zokolola zomwe zimakhudzidwa bwino.
Zomwe lipotili linawonetsa anthu ambiri a ku America anali kuti ngakhale zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndizo zowona zamakono kuti azidya zakudya zowonongeka, pamene zingasamalidwe bwino, zikhoza kupha.
Zomwe Zimakhudza Zamalonda ku Lipoti
Mwamwayi, lipoti la CDC silinabwere m'makutu osamva. Lipotilo litatulutsidwa, mayankho oyambirira kuchokera ku mayiko ogulitsa ntchito monga Produce Marketing Association (PMA) anali kuyitanidwa. Malingana ndi Bryan Silbermann, pulezidenti ndi CEO wa PMA, adapereka momwe bungwe limatengera chitetezo cha chakudya, lipotili lidaonedwa ngati "mwayi wofufuza kafukufuku watsopano ndi kuphunzira kupanga makampani athu ndi zinthu zomwe PMA zimapanga bwino." Lingaliro lakuti lipoti lodabwitsa komanso losavomerezeka la chitetezo cha boma lidzakwaniritsidwa ndi kuyitana kochita kafukufuku wowonjezereka kulimbikitsana, koma kokha ngati zomwe zakhala zikuchitidwa. Uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti zikuwoneka kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino.
Zimene Kafukufuku Amanena Zokhudza Kudyetsa Zakudya ndi Zowonjezera Zatsopano
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wambiri, CDC inapeza kuti pakati pa 1996-2011, matenda a E. coli anali ochepera 42 peresenti ndipo matenda a Listeria anali ochepera 35 peresenti. Izi zinati, kuphulika kwa Salmonella kunachulukitsidwa ndi atatu peresenti pa nthawi yomweyo.
CDC ili ndi mauthenga ena omwe amasonyezanso kuti matenda ochokera kuzilombo zamagulu ambiri omwe adya chakudya adachepa kwambiri. Koma monga momwe Silbermann ananenera mobwerezabwereza mu 2013, "mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zapita kale pofuna kuchepetsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya, sitidzaiwala chithunzi chonse: matenda amodzi kuchokera ku zipatso zatsopano ndi ambiri."
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha CDC cha 2013 pa chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya chogwiritsidwa ntchito pazipatala chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zakudya zatsopano sizinali chizindikiro, pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zatsogolera CDC ndi Federal Drug Administration (FDA) kuti asagwedeze mfuti polemba zala pokhapokha makampani ogulitsa. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya chokhudzana ndi chakudya chokhudzana ndi zakudya zatsopano kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi chawonjezeka, motero mabungwewa adzipereka kuti apititse patsogolo kuyang'anira ndi kusunga zipatso zatsopano. Kusaganizira zinthu ngati zimenezi kungakhale kosasamala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zikanakhalanso ngati zikuphwasula zotsatira za lipoti la 2013 monga chilengedwe chabe. Ngakhale kuti zotsatirazi zapeza, CDC siimanena kuti Achimereka amazindikira zipatso zatsopano. Ndipotu, zosiyana zimakhala zoona. Lipotili limatsindika kufunika kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba pa zakudya zabwino.
Ngakhale kuti ndi opanda ungwiro, zimalimbikitsa kuona kuti mafakitale akupangabe kudzipereka kwawo ku thanzi ndi chitetezo. Lamulo la PMA, lakhala likugulitsa ndalama zokwana madola mamiliyoni ambiri mu kafukufuku wa chitetezo cha chakudya ndipo linathandiza kwambiri kukhazikitsa Center for Produce Safety (CPS) ku yunivesite ya California Davis-Riverside. Koma pakali pano ntchito yoti ichitike.
Zomwe Zolemba Zamalonda Ndizochita
Monga pulezidenti wa PMA, Silbermann adakumbukiranso zomwe ambiri adziwa kale, kuti malangizo okhudza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zowonongeka sizinasinthe.
Iye anati, "Chimene chatsintha, ndicho chithandizo cha chitetezo cha zakudya, chomwe chimasintha ndi sayansi zamakono ndi zamakono." Mwachimwemwe, ambiri amatero.
Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za Pulogalamu Yodzipereka Yogulitsa Traceability yomwe inathandizidwa ndi Canada Produce Marketing Association, GS1 US, United Fresh Produce Association, ndi PMA. Cholingacho chinapanga zochitika zisanu ndi ziŵiri zochititsa chidwi kuti makampani azitsatira bwino - nthawi zambiri kuti adziwe mzere kumunda kumene phwetekere idatengedwa kapena mtengo wa lalanje woyipa unachokera. Mu njira zambiri, magulu a PTI ovomerezeka mwa kufuna kwawo ali apamwamba kuposa omwe apatsidwa ndi boma, ngakhale kukhazikitsa Chakudya Chakudya ndi Chitetezo Chakumayambiriro kwa 2013. Kuwonjezera pa mitundu iyi ya kusintha kwakukulu kwa makampani ndi mabungwe a boma, onse awiri Boma ndi atsogoleri ogulitsa mafakitale akuwonabe kufunikira kwa kufufuza kwina ndi njira zatsopano pofuna kuteteza chitetezo cha zipatso zatsopano, zomwe zingayendetsedwe (makamaka mbali) ndi ogula.
Omwe Amagwiritsira Ntchito Malonda Angakhale Madalaivala a Zosungiramo Zakudya Zakudya
Chilimbikitso chochuluka kuchokera pamene kutuluka kwa lipoti la CDC la 2013 ndilokuti ogulitsa akuika miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri kwa alimi, osungira, ndi malo operekera zipatso. Owonjezereka, ogulitsa akufunitsa katundu wa PTI ovomerezeka ndi kukana kuchita bizinesi ndi makampani omwe satsatira.
"Washington ili ndi batchi ya raba; ogula amakhala ndi matabwa, "anatero Gary Fleming, yemwe ndi katswiri wokhudzana ndi chakudya cha ku Redline Solutions ku Santa Clara, CA, amene analemba ma PTI ambiri.
Makampani opanga mankhwala akuzindikira izi. "Ife timayika ndalama zathu pakamwa pathu potsata kafukufuku wa CPS ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu otetezera," Silbermann akuti, "ndipo timadziwa, tsiku ndi tsiku, kuti khama limeneli silidzatha. Kuti ogula apindule, monga CDC imati, kuchokera ku zakudya zodzala zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, tiyenera kukhalabe chidaliro mwa kuteteza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. "Kumapeto kwa tsiku, ogula ayenera kupitiriza kufunafuna kufufuza ndi chitetezo chomwe chimapitirizabe zakudya zathanzi zotetezeka kuti malamulo ndi chitetezo azipitirirabe kusintha.
Zotsatira:
Wojambula, John A., Robert M. Hoekstra, Tracy Ayers, Robert V. Tauxe, Christopher R. Braden, Frederick J. Angulo, ndi Patricia M. Griffin. "Kupatsidwa kwa Matenda Ogulitsa Zakudya, Hospitalizations, ndi Imfa ku Zakudya Zamagwiritsiro pogwiritsa Ntchito Dongosolo la Mphungu, United States, 1998-2008." Emerg. Wopanda. Dis. Matenda Ochepetsa Matenda 19.3 (2013): 407-15.
Tauxe, Robert. "Kuopa Mwatsopano: Mmene Mungapewere Matenda Odyera Zakudya ndi Zipatso." Nutrition Action Newsletter (December 2006): 3-6.