Mapuloteni ndi ofunikira kupanga zomangamanga za thupi la munthu, monga minofu ndi ziwalo. Mufunanso mapuloteni kuti chitetezo chanu cha m'thupi chiteteze, kupanga odwala matendawa, kulenga ndikuwonetsa mahomoni, ndi zina zambiri.
Mapuloteni amakhala ngati mamolekyu aakulu omwe amapangidwa ndi amino acid . Maonekedwe a amino acid molecule amaphatikizapo gulu la carboxyl la atomu, gulu la amine, ndi unyolo.
Gulu la carboxyl liri ndi carbon, oxygen, ndi atomu imodzi ya hydrogen. Gulu la amine liri ndi atomu imodzi ya nayitrojeni ndi maatomu awiri a haidrojeni omwe ali nawo.
Mavitamini 20 amino ali ndi maunyolo osiyanasiyana, omwe amasiyana mofanana. Pali mitsempha yolunjika ya maatomu, nthambi zamtundu wa atomu, ndi mphete za maatomu, kuphatikizapo maunyolo amphatikizapo carbon, hydrogen, sulfure, nayitrogeni, ndi atomu a oksijeni.
Kukonzekera ndi mamolekyu amene amapezeka mu mndandanda wa mbali ndi omwe amasiyanitsa amino acid ndi wina. Makhalidwe a amino acids ndi isoleucine, leucine, ndi valine ndipo ndizofunika kuti thupi likhale labwino. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, ndi tryptophan amatchedwa zonunkhira amino acid ndipo aliyense ali ndi chingwe chakumbali ndi mapangidwe ofanana. Amino acids atatuwa amafunika kuti apange mavitamini a neurotransmitter.
Zosafunika ndi Zopindulitsa Zambiri za Amino
Zida 11 zomwe sizili zofunika kwambiri sizimatchedwa "zosayenera" chifukwa sizili zofunika.
Iwo ndi ofunikira, ndipo thupi lanu limafuna kuti achite ntchito zingapo. Izi amino acid zimatchedwa "zosayenera" chifukwa simukufunikira kuzipeza kuchokera ku zakudya zanu. Thupi lanu likhoza kumanga ma 11 amino acid kuchokera ku mankhwala omwe alipo kale m'thupi lanu. Zomwe sizili zofunika amino acid zimaphatikizapo:
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Katsitsumzukwa
- Yopambanitsa Acid
- Cysteine
- Glutamic Acid
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Proline
- Serine
- Tyrosine
Amino acid arginine, cysteine, glycine, ndi tyrosine nthawi zina amaonedwa kuti ndi "zofunika kwambiri." Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri amazipanga okha, koma anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda ena kapena zosawerengeka zachibadwa sangawapangitse, choncho amafunika kuzidya pamadyerero awo.
Zisanu ndi zinai zamtengo wapatali za amino zimatchedwa "zofunika" chifukwa simungathe kuzipanga; Muyenera kudya mapuloteni omwe ali ndi amino acid. Zikuphatikizapo:
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine
Kodi mukuyenera kudandaula ndi zofunika zamamino acid pamene mukukonza chakudya chanu cha tsiku ndi tsiku? Osati kwenikweni. Mitundu ya mapuloteni monga nyama, mazira, ndi mkaka ndi "mapuloteni athunthu." Izi zikutanthauza kuti mapuloteni aliwonse omwe amapezeka pamtundu wa zinyama ali ndi zina zisanu ndi zinai zomwe zimakhala ndi amino acid. Alimi a zamasamba ndi zikopa angafunike kusamalira kwambiri mapuloteni a zakudya. Mapuloteni amtundu amatchedwa "mapuloteni osakwanira." Mapuloteni aliwonse akusowa amodzi kapena asanu mwa magawo asanu ndi anayi ofunika kwambiri amino acid. Komabe, amino acid iliyonse imapezeka mumbewu ina, kotero mutha kuphatikiza mapuloteni osiyanasiyana kuti mupeze amino acid omwe mukufunikira.
Phunzirani zokhudzana ndi mapuloteni osakaniza ndi zamasamba .
Pali mapuloteni osiyanasiyana m'thupi lanu, ndipo amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ntchito zamapulotini zikuphatikizapo:
- Kugawana ndi ntchito ya enzyme yomwe imalimbikitsa kusintha kwa thupi m'thupi
- Masenjeli osonyeza zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi nthawi yoti muchite
- Kutumiza zinthu kuzungulira thupi
- Kusunga madzi ndi pH moyenera m'thupi
- Kutumikira monga zomangamanga zopanga mahomoni
- Kuthandiza magazi
- Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya anti-antibody yomwe imayendetsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndi zozizira
- Kutumikira monga zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimapereka ziwalo zathupi za thupi zawo
Momwe Amapangidwira Mapuloteni
Kutentha kwa mapuloteni kumayamba pakamwa ndi kutafuna, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chisamavutike.
Zimathandizanso ndi chimbudzi pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zochepa. Kumbukirani kuti ndikofunika kufufuza zakudya zanu bwinobwino; musamaye chakudya chanu pansi.
Kukula kwa mapuloteni kumapitirira m'mimba ndi kumasulidwa kwa madzi osakaniza omwe amachititsa hydrochloric acid ndi pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid amatembenuza pepsinogen kuti pepsin, yomwe imayamba kuthetsa mgwirizano pakati pa amino acid. Izi zimachitika pamene minofu yozungulira mimba imafalikira ndi kudula zakudya ndi mimba yamadzi pamodzi.
Khwerero lotsatira imapezeka mumatumbo aang'ono omwe hydrochloric acid imapangidwira ndi mabicarbonates omwe amamasulidwa ku mphukira. Mitunduyi imatulutsanso mavitamini otchedwa trypsin. Trypsin ikupitirizabe kugawaniza amino acid, omwe amalowa mu magazi. Kamodzi m'magazi, amino acid amanyamula ku maselo m'madera osiyanasiyana a thupi lanu. Thupi lanu limagwiritsa ntchito ma amino acid kuti apange mapuloteni oyenerera pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Mapuloteni monga Mphamvu
Simungaganize za mapuloteni monga magetsi, koma mapuloteni amapereka zakudya zopatsa zakudya. Mafuta amenewo ayenera kuvomerezedwa ngati mukuyang'ana kulemera kwanu . Gawo lililonse la mapuloteni omwe mumadya limakhala ndi makilogalamu anayi. Dipatimenti ya Ulimi ya United States imasonyeza kuti mumapeza pafupifupi 15 peresenti peresenti ya 20 peresenti ya mapuloteni. Kwa munthu amene amafunikira makilogalamu 2000 patsiku, izo zikanakhala zofanana ndi mapiritsi 75 mpaka 100.
Zakudya, nsomba, nsomba, nkhuku, mazira ndi mkaka ndizochokera ku mapuloteni, koma mungathenso kupeza mapuloteni kuchokera ku mbewu zosiyanasiyana, nyemba, mtedza, ndi mbewu. Sikovuta kupeza mapuloteni okwanira mu zakudya zanu. Mtolo wina wa nkhuku wokha udzakupatsani makilogalamu 30 a mapuloteni. Nkhumba imodzi ya salimoni ili ndi pafupifupi magalamu 40 a mapuloteni, chikho cha oatmeal chiri ndi magalamu asanu a mapuloteni, ndipo chikho cha katsitsumzukwa kamakhala ndi magalamu awiri a mapuloteni. Popeza anthu ambiri amapeza mapuloteni okwanira kuchokera ku zakudya zawo, kusowa kwa mapuloteni sikusowa m'mayiko otukuka.
M'mayiko osauka, kusoĊµa zakudya m'thupi komanso kusowa kwa mapuloteni kumafala kwambiri. Kuperewera kwa mapuloteni kumatchedwa kwashiorkor. Ana okhala ndi kwashiorkor amakonda kukhala ndi manja ndi miyendo yochepa kwambiri komanso mimba zazikulu, zosiyana. Kuperewera kwa mapuloteni kungayambitse kukula kochepa, kutayika kwa minofu, kuvutika maganizo kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, matenda a m'mapapo, mavuto a mtima, ndi imfa.
Zotsatira
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Zakudya Zapamwamba ndi Mankhwala a Metabolism." Sitifiketi Chachisanu ndi chimodzi. Belmont, CA Kampani Yotsindikiza ya Wadsworth, 2013.
Smolin LA, Grosvenor, MB. "Chakudya: Sayansi ndi Mapulogalamu." Kusintha kwachitatu. Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
National Academy of Sciences, Engineering ndi Medicine, Health ndi Medicine Division. "Zolemba Zowonjezera Zakudya Zakudya ndi Machitidwe." http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/DRI-Tables.aspx.
Dipatimenti ya Ulimi ku United States Dipatimenti ya Ulimi Yowunikira ku United States Pulogalamu Yopenda Zogwirira Ntchito National Nutrient Database ya Standard Reference Release 28. https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search.