Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndizovuta kukhala osakwanira kapena kupeza zakudya zochuluka kapena zakudya zambiri. Ndicho chimathandizira chachikulu pa matenda padziko lonse lapansi. Kudyetsa zakudya ndi njira ya kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumene kumachitika pamene mutenga zakudya zambiri (kapena zakudya) kuposa momwe mumafunikira tsiku ndi tsiku. Njala yochulukirapo imapezeka m'mayiko otukuka monga United States.
Kudya zakudya zoperewera kwa zakudya ndi mtundu wa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi pamene simukupeza zakudya zokwanira (kapena zakudya). Njala yoperewera chakudya imapezeka m'mayiko osauka.
Kudyetsa chakudya cha mphamvu zamagetsi
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochuluka pa nthawi kungakuchititseni kulemera pokhapokha mutapitiriza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ziribe kanthu ngati mafuta ena owonjezerawa amachokera ku mafuta, chakudya kapena mapuloteni chifukwa thupi lanu lingatenge chilichonse chimene sichikusowa ndikuchisunga monga mafuta. Kukhala olemera kwambiri kapena ochepa kwambiri ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda a mtima, mitundu ina ya khansara ndi mtundu wa shuga 2.
Kupereka zakudya zoterezi kumafuna kusintha kwa zakudya kuti muchepetse zakudya zowonjezera ndikukhazikitsa zakudya zambiri kuti mukhale ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mbeu zonse za calcium komanso zowonjezera mavitamini. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimathandiza kuwonjezera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ndikupewa zakudya zopanda zakudya, zomwe ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi koma sizikhala ndi zakudya zabwino.
Nthawi zina, vuto lachipatala, hypothyroidism chotero zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mutaya kulemera kwakukulu.
Kudyetsa zakudya kwa micronutrients
Ndizotheka kupeza mavitamini ambiri kapena minerals, koma kawirikawiri, izi zimachitika mukatenga megadoses ya zakudya zowonjezera zakudya. Kupeza zakudya zamtundu wochuluka kwambiri kuchokera ku chakudya sikokwanira.
Kuchulukanso kwa zakudya m'thupi kumachititsa kuti poizoni aziwopsa, monga kumwa mapiritsi ambiri a piritsi kamodzi, kapena kungakhale kosalekeza, mwachitsanzo kutenga mavitamini B-6 pa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Institute of Medicine yakhazikitsa malire apamwamba pamtunda kwa micronutrients ambiri, koma njira yabwino yopewera kudya kotereku ndikumakhala kutali ndi megadoses ya zakudya zowonjezerapo pokhapokha atayikidwa ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu.
Kudya zakudya zopanda mphamvu zamagetsi
Kudya zakudya zoperewera kwa zakudya ndi mtundu wa kusoŵa kwa zakudya m'thupi kumene anthu amatanthauza pamene amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti 'kusoŵa zakudya m'thupi.' Kuperewera kwa zakudya zoperewera kwa zakudya, kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya zapuloteni (PEM), kumachitika pamene simungapeze mphamvu zokwanira. Ana omwe alibe kusowa zakudya amavutika ndi kulemera ndi mavuto ndi kuphunzira ndi kusukulu. Nthawi zambiri amayi ochepa mphamvu amabala ana omwe ali ochepa kwambiri.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya PEM. Njala, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa marasmus , ndi mtundu waukulu wa kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mphamvu zonse, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kosauka, kusabereka, ngakhale imfa. Thupi limathyola minofu yake kuti ikhale ndi moyo, ndipo thupi limakhala loyera. Mitundu ina ya PEM imapezeka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mapuloteni ngakhale kuti pali mafuta kapena mafuta mu zakudya.
Matendawa amatchedwa kwashiorkor . Anthu okhala ndi kwashiorkor ali ndi manja ndi miyendo yoonda kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi mimba.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimachitika pamene anthu sadya chakudya chokwanira chifukwa alibe chakudya chokwanira kapena sangathe kapena sakufuna kudya. Matenda ena, monga mitundu ina ya khansa, amatha kukhala ndi kusowa kwa zakudya. Kusadya zakudya moperewera kumafuna chithandizo chamankhwala ndipo nthawi zambiri zakudya zothandizira zimakhala zofunikira.
Kudya zakudya zopanda thanzi la micronutrients
Kulephera kwa vitamini kapena mineral kumachitika pamene chakudya chanu sichingatheke, ndipo chikhoza kuchitika ngati mulibe calories zokwanira kapena ayi. Iron ndi calcium nthawi zambiri sizokwanira pa zakudya zomwe zimapezeka.
Nthawi zina, kusowa kwacho ndiko chifukwa cha matenda, monga kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi kumene kumatulutsa vitamini B-12. Zizindikiro kawirikawiri sizimapezeka nthawi yomweyo, koma zimachitika pakapita nthawi. Kufooka kwa micronutrient kumatha kuchiritsidwa mwa kukonza zakudya, kuwonjezera zowonjezera zakudya kapena kuthana ndi vuto lililonse.
Zotsatira:
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Zakudya Zapamwamba ndi Mankhwala a Metabolism." Sitifiketi Chachisanu ndi chimodzi. Belmont, CA Kampani Yotsindikiza ya Wadsworth, 2013.
Smolin LA, Grosvenor, MB. "Chakudya: Sayansi ndi Mapulogalamu." Kusintha kwachitatu. Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
World Food Program. "Kodi kusoŵa zakudya m'thupi ndi chiyani?" http://www.wfp.org/hunger/malungo.
Bungwe la World Health Organization. "Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi." http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/malnutrition/en/.