Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mankhwala, ndondomeko, komanso zipangizo zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupititsa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zina mwa zinthuzi zimangochitika mwachibadwa, zimapezeka mosavuta komanso zimakhala zomveka pamene zina zimapangidwa, zosaloledwa , kapena zoletsedwa ndi mabungwe ambiri a masewera. Othamanga ambiri, makosi, ndale, ndi mafani akuwona kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zina ndizosavomerezeka mu masewera.
Komabe, kudziwa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayendetsedwa, ndi malo omwe amakambirana nthawi zonse. Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zikhale zowonjezereka zimagulitsidwa ngati "zithandizo zathanzi" komabe zimafufuza zambiri za chitetezo chawo. Kusankhidwa kukhala wothandizira kumatanthauza zinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa ndipo zomwe zidalembedwa payekha sizinayesedwe ndi US Food and Drug Administration ndipo sangakhale ndi maziko a sayansi.
Kawirikawiri, ntchito yowonjezera mankhwala ndi zinthu (zowonongeka) zingathe kugawidwa m'madera otsatirawa.
Zakudya Zamagetsi, Mavitamini, ndi Zamchere
Othandiza nthawi zambiri amayang'ana zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti azichita bwino, ndipo zowonjezera masewera ndi njira imodzi. Zotsatirazi zitha kupezeka m'masitolo ogulitsa zakudya zam'deralo. Ambiri samaletsedwa koma fufuzani ndi bungwe lanu lolamulira kuti mutsimikizire.
- Mapuloteni ndi zakudya zofunikira zomwe aliyense ayenera kuchita bwino. Ochita maseŵera onse ndi anthu ogona okhawo amafunika kupeza mapuloteni okwanira.
- Glucosamine wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a osteoarthritis ndipo kumathandiza kumayambitsa khunyu, ngakhale zotsatira za izi sizirizonse.
- Ribose ndi shuga. Pali umboni woonekeratu wosonyeza kuti maseŵera amatha kupindula ndi zowonjezereka.
- Creatine inayamba ngati masewera a masewera koma yapezeka kuti ikugwira ntchito kwa anthu achikulire kuti athandize kusunga minofu. Kwa othamanga ena, supplementation yamaline imapangitsa kuti nthawi zambiri azichita masewero olimbitsa thupi, monga sprinting, lift weight kapena masewera amphamvu.
- Glutamine (L- Glutamine) ndi amino acid ndipo amadziwika ngati zakudya zowonjezera. Ochita masewera ambiri amatenga izi kuti awathandize kuti ayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
- B-Mavitamini ndi ofunikira kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, koma pangakhale mgwirizano pakati pa mavitamini a B (thiamine, riboflavin, vitamini B-6, B-12, ndi folate) ndi ntchito kwa othamanga apamwamba.
Kuletsedwa kapena Kukonzekera Kuchita Kuwonjezera Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
- Amphetamines ndizofunikira kwambiri mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa chidwi kuti azidzidalira, amachepetsa nkhawa, amachepetsa chilakolako, ndipo amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Amphetamines monga Benzedrine, Adderall, ndi Dexedrine ali ndi mwayi waukulu woledzera ndipo ali pazinthu zoletsedwa zazinthu zambiri, ngati sizinthu zonse, magulu a masewera.
- Anabolic Steroids (anabolic-androgenic steroids), ndizopanga mahomoni amphongo a testosterone. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachipatala kwa anabolic steroids ndiletsedwa ndiletsedwa ndi magulu akuluakulu a masewera. Komabe, othamanga ena akupitiriza kuwagwiritsira ntchito mosavomerezeka pofuna kuyendetsa masewera, ngakhale kuti kusagwiritsa ntchito kungayambitse matenda aakulu, monga matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso matenda a mtima. DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) komanso designer steroids , Androstenedione (Andro) ndi Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) ndizomwe zimayambitsa mahomoni, monga testosterone, ndipo amagwira ntchito mofanana ndi anabolic-androgenic steroids. Izi zonse ndizoletsedwa ndi pafupifupi magulu onse a masewera.
- Caffeine ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ochita maseŵera olimbitsa mtima kwa zaka ngati njira yokhalira tcheru ndi kukulitsa chipiriro. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sichivulaza, imakhala ndi zotsatirapo ndipo imaletsedwa (muyezo waukulu) ndi magulu ambiri a masewera.
- Ephedrine ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'mazizira ambiri ozizira ndi amfine. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza kutsika kwa magazi komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha mankhwala ena komanso kungapume mpweya. Panopa, ndilophwanya malamulo kuti mukhale ndi zochuluka zedi ku US. Kamodzi kanali chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo mpaka chimapezeka chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mutu, chizungulire, kusayenerera kwa mtima, kugunda, komanso mwinamwake imfa.
- Erythropoietin (EPO) ndi mahomoni obadwa mwachibadwa, opangidwa ndi impso, zomwe zimayambitsa kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi. Hormone iyi ikhoza kupangidwa ndi kupiritsidwa. Posachedwapa EPO yakhala ikugwirizana ndi dziko la ma njinga. Ngakhale EPO ili pazinthu zoletsedwa, ena amati mabasiketi akupitiriza kuligwiritsa ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito.
- HemAssist ndi gulu la mankhwala otchedwa Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carrier (HBOC). HBOC ndi mankhwala oyesera omwe amanyamula oksijeni m'magazi kwa kanthaŵi kochepa. Zapangidwa kuti zikhale ngati magazi m'malo mwa odwala. HemAssist anali kumapeto kwa mayesero a zachipatala mu 1998 pamene kafukufuku anaimitsidwa chifukwa cha nkhawa.
Zotsatira:
Bungwe la World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). WADA Wotsutsidwa List 2010.
Zotsatira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). NIH Publication Number 05-4881 Printed July 2001, Revised August 2005
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito steroid kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwopsezo cha systolic choopsa, The Endocrine Society, EurekaAlert, April 2, 2016.