Pankhani yopezera masewera othamanga, othamanga amayesa pafupifupi chirichonse pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zophunzitsira ndi zakuthandizira, kusinthika zakudya ndi kusinthasintha, kuphunzitsidwa kumtunda ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamaganizo zamaganizo pofuna kuyembekezera kupeza mawonekedwe abwino. Mwamwayi, othamanga ambiri amayesera kutenga izi pamlingo wovuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimawopsa.
Zina mwa njira zowonjezera machitidwe ndizovuta, ndipo mabungwe ambiri a masewera atsekereza miyambo yeniyeni pakati pa othamanga ndi akatswiri ochita masewera.
Njira imodzi yopezera ntchitoyi imasintha momwe thupi limagwiritsire ntchito, kutulutsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya ku minofu yogwira ntchito. Mwambo umenewu nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi ochita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo okwera mabasiketi akhala akuwonekera kwambiri pa njira yotchedwa 'magazi doping.'
Kodi Magazi Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Bwanji?
Kuwombera magazi ndi njira yowonjezera maseŵera a maseŵera mwa kuwonjezera kukula kwa chiwerengero cha maseŵera ofiira magazi (RBC). Chifukwa maselo ofiira amanyamula mpweya ku minofu, kukhala ndi mawerengero apamwamba a RBC kumatha kusintha kwambiri mpikisano wa wothamanga ndi kuchepetsa kutopa. Othandizira kufunafuna njira yowonjezera RBC yawo poyamba adasandulika magazi, kumene wothamanga wasungidwa ndi kubwezeretsanso ma CRBC ake kapena mabungwe a munthu yemwe ali ndi mtundu womwewo wa magazi.
Chizoloŵezichi chaletsedwa mu masewera apamwamba.
Kodi Erythropoietin (EPO) N'chiyani?
Njira imodzi yowonjezeramo ziwerengero za RBC zimaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe akhala akuwatsutsa ndi kuwongolera pakati pa akatswiri okwera mabasiketi kwa zaka zoposa khumi.
Erythropoietin (EPO) ndi mahomoni obadwa mwachibadwa, opangidwa ndi impso, zomwe zimayambitsa kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi.
Hormone iyi ikhoza kupangidwa ndi kupangidwira pakhungu kapena mwazi m'magazi (intravenously). EPO ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamankhwala kuti abweretse RBC wa odwala m'magulu abwino.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa EPO monga njira zowonjezera maseŵera kumayambiriro kwazaka za 1980 ndipo zakhala zogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamsewu wamakono. Ngakhale kuti pulogalamu ya EPO inayamba kuchitika m'chaka cha 2000, ena amati EPO doping ikufalikira m'masewero enaake.
Pulogalamu ya EPO pa njinga inamveka nkhani pamene Floyd Landis, yemwe anapambana pa 2006 wa Tour de France yemwe adachotsedwa udindo wake atayesedwa kuti ali ndi vutoli, adavomereza zaka zambiri akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuvomereza kwake kunanamizira ena okwera 17 omwe akukwera nawo, kuphatikizapo Lance Armstrong.
Mwezi wa May 2011, Mphindi 60 adafunsidwa ndi wolemba kale wa US Postal Team Rider, Tyler Hamilton pomwe Hamilton adalengeza kuti adayesa EPO pamodzi ndi Lance ndi anzake ena, "nthawi zambiri."
Kodi Erythropoietin (EPO) Ngoopsa?
Inde, EPO ili ndi zoopsa zake. Majekeseni a EPO amachotsa magazi, omwe amachititsa kuti mtima ukhale wovuta. Izi zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri pamene chiwindi cha mtima chimachepa, monga nthawi ya tulo. Kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe a magazi, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi yowononga magazi, matenda a mtima, ndi zilonda.
Malingana ndi buku lakuti Death of Marco Pantani ndi Matt Rendell, ena mwa anthu okwera maulendo amtundu uliwonse amaika lendi usiku uliwonse kudzuka ndi kumangoyendetsa mphunzitsi kwa mphindi khumi kuti ayambe kuyendayenda ndi kuchepetsa ngozi zowopsa zogwiritsira ntchito EPO.
EPO ili pa zinthu zoletsedwa mndandanda wamakhwasi, ndipo okwera ndege amayesedwa nthawi zonse kuti awone kupezeka kwake. Komabe, monga momwe njira zowunikira mankhwala zimakhalira, momwemonso njirazi zimagwiritsidwira ntchito kupeŵa kudziwika. Njira ndi njira zina zoletsedwera zochita maseŵera zimayang'aniridwa ndi mabungwe osewera masewera.
Dzikoli likuwonekera kwa zaka zambiri ndipo ambiri akuyembekeza kuti mbadwo wotsatira wa mabasiketi adzabwerera njira zochepetsetsa zomwe zingaphatikizepo zakudya, maphunziro, ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi .
Zotsatira:
Bungwe la World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Mafunso ndi Mayankho pa Kuzindikira kwa EPO.
Bungwe la World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). WADA Internatioal Standards.