Buku Lachidule la Steroids mu Masewera

Kugwiritsa ntchito Steroid Kupitirizabe Ngakhale Zoopsya Zaumoyo kwa Athlete

Mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti steroids angatchulidwe monga anabolic (anabolic-androgenic) steroids kapena corticosteroids. Corticosteroids, monga cortisone kapena prednisone ndi mankhwala amene madokotala amapereka nthawi zambiri kuti athetse kutupa thupi. Corticosteroids si ofanana ndi anabolic steroids omwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa masewera.

Anabolic Steroids

Steroids ya anabolic ( anabolic-androgenic steroids ) ndi mitundu ya mahomoni a testosterone. Iwo ndi kalasi ya mankhwala omwe amapezeka mwalamulo kokha ndi mankhwala ndipo akulamulidwa kuti azichiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ya minofu yowonda.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachipatala kwa anabolic steroids ndiletsedwa ndiletsedwa ndi magulu akuluakulu a masewera. Mu Januwale 2005, bungwe la Anabolic Steroid Control Act linasinthidwa ndi lamulo lolamulidwa ndi malamulo lomwe linapanga anabolic steroids ndi prohormones (chotsatira cha hormone) ku mndandanda wa zinthu zowonongeka ndikupanga zinthu zomwezo ndizophwanya malamulo. Komabe, othamanga ena akupitiriza kuwagwiritsa ntchito mosaloledwa mosagwirizana ndi umboni kuti kuwagwiritsa ntchito mwanjira imeneyi kungayambitse matenda aakulu kwambiri.

Momwe Amagwirira Ntchito

Steroids ndi mavitamini a testosterone omwe amathandiza thupi kuti lizikhalitsa mapuloteni amadzimadzimodzinso ndikuthandizira kusakanikirana kwa mitsempha.

Amakhalanso atha kutopa ndipo amatha kudzimva wokondwa.

Kawirikawiri Steroids Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito

• Androstenedione (Andro) : Andro ndi mlengi wotchedwa steroid omwe amatchulidwa mofanana ndi ochita masewera, ngakhale kuti pali umboni wochepa wa sayansi wotsimikizira kuti umapangitsa kuti maseŵera apange bwino. Andro ndi chowonjezera chopangidwa kuchokera ku mahomoni a steroid mwachibadwa. Mu 2004, US Food and Drug Administration inaletsa kugulitsa kwa Andro chifukwa cha umboni wowonjezera umene unasonyeza kuopsa kwa thanzi kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

• Primobolan (Methenolone): Steroid yotsekedwayo yakhala ikugwirizana ndi osewera a Major League Baseball, kuphatikizapo Alex Rodriguez. Ikhoza kukhala jekeseni kapena kutengedwa mu mawonekedwe apiritsi. Primobolan wakhala wotchuka wa steroid pakati pa othamanga chifukwa amamanga mphamvu popanda minofu yambiri ndipo alibe zotsatira zoipa zoipa za steroid zina.
• Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG): THG ndi wina wojambula steroid amene ali ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi ena oletsedwa steroid. Zikuwoneka kuti THG inakonzedwa mwachindunji kotero kuti sichidzadziwika mu kuyesedwa kwa doping. The FDA inaletsa kugulitsa kwa THG mu 2003, kunena kuti sizinali zowonjezerapo koma mankhwala osagonjetsedwa, omwe amachititsa kugulitsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kosayenera.
• Clenbuterol : Clenbuterol (Clen) ndi wosankha wa beta-2 wotsutsa / wotsutsa komanso bronchodilator nthawi zina amalembedwa kuti asokoneze matenda a mpweya. Monga anabolic steroids, ikhoza kuwonjezera minofu yambiri, koma imakhalanso ndi zotsatira zoyipa.
• DHEA: DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) ndi chilengedwe cha steroid prohormone chomwe chimapangidwa ndi adrenal glands. Thupi limatembenuza DHEA kwa mahomoni amphongo achimuna ndi aakazi (estrogen ndi testosterone). DHEA zowonjezerapo zakhala zikugulitsidwa ngati zotsutsana ndi kukalamba koma zofufuzira pa izi ndi zochepa pa nthawi ino. DHEA zowonjezerapo zinachotsedwa ku msika wa US mu 1985 ndipo zinaperekedwa kokha ndi mankhwala. DHEA inabwezeretsedwanso ngati zakudya zowonjezera mu 1994 pambuyo pa kudutsa kwa Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. DHEA akadali ngati chinthu choletsedwa ndi mabungwe ambiri a masewera ndi othamanga akuchenjezedwa za ntchito yake.

Zoletsedwa Zina za Steroids

Saboids ya antibolic imaletsedwa ndi magulu akuluakulu a masewera monga Olympic, NBA, NHL, ndi NFL. Bungwe la World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) lili ndi mndandanda waukulu wa zinthu zonse zoletsedwa. Ena ndi awa:

Oral Steroids

• Anadrol (oxymetholone)
• Oxandrin (oxandrolone)
• Dianabol (methandrostenolone)
• Winstrol (stanozolol)

Injectable Steroids

• Deca-Durabolin (nandrolone decanoate)
• Durabolin (nandrolone phenpropionate)
• Depo-Testosterone (testosterone cypionate)
• Equipoise (boldenone undecylenate)

Chifukwa Chimene Othamanga Amatenga

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anabolic steroids pakati pa othamanga ali ndi chiyembekezo chokweza ntchito.

Ngakhale kuyesedwa kwa mankhwala kuli kofala, mankhwala atsopano amapangidwa kuti athe kupezeka. Komabe, zipangizo zamakono zimasintha, magazi ndi mkodzo kuyambira zaka zapitazo tsopano akubwezeretsedwa ndi sayansi yatsopano ndikuwonetsa othamanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsedwa m'mbuyomo.

Momwe Iwo Amatengedwa

Steroids amatengedwa mu ma mapiritsi kapena jekeseni. Diso lofala kwambiri likuchitika mu masabata kapena miyezi yambiri, ndi mphindi yochepa pakati. Izi zimatchedwa "njinga." "Kudula" kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya steroids panthawi yomweyo. "Kuthamanga," kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezereka pang'onopang'ono chiŵerengero, kuchuluka kwake, kapena kuchuluka kwa steroids kuti apite pachimake ndipo kenako pang'onopang'ono akugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Mankhwala omwe amachitidwa ndi odwala steroid nthawi zambiri amakhala oposa 10 mpaka 100 kuposa omwe angapangidwe kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.

Zoopsa za Umoyo

Pali ziwopsezo zambiri za umoyo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuzunzidwa kwa anabolic steroids, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi.

Zotsatirapo mwa Amuna

• kusabereka
• kukula kwa m'mawere
• Kutaya makoswe
• kupenya kwa amuna
• kwambiri acne ndi cysts

Zotsatira za Akazi

• Liwu lozama
• Kukulitsa kwa clitoris
• kukula kwakukulu kwa tsitsi
• kupenya kwa amuna
• kwambiri acne ndi cysts

Zotsatira Zina

• kuchedwa kukula kwa achinyamata
• tendon kutha
• kuwonjezeka kwa LDL cholesterol
• kunachepetsa cholesterol cha HDL
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• matenda a mtima
• Kukulitsa kwa ventricle ya mtima yotsala
• khansa
• jaundice
• kusungidwa kwa madzi
• HIV / AIDS
• hepatitis
• "kupsa mtima" - kukwiyitsa ndi chiwawa
• mania
• kusokoneza

Kutaya

Ochita masewera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito steroids amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zowasiya pamene asiya. Zizindikirozo zimaphatikizapo kusinthasintha, kusokonezeka, kutopa ndi kukwiya, kusowa kwa njala, kusowa tulo, ndi kupsa mtima. Kuvutika maganizo kungachititse munthu kudzipha, ngati sakuchitidwa.

_Chitsime:

_{National Institute on Abuse (NIDA), Steroid Abuse and Addiction, August 2006.}