Banali likuwonjezeka kwa ambiri, koma osati onse, over-the-counter products
Ephedrine ndi mankhwala ochokera ku chomera Ephedra equisetina . Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ngati zowonjezera komanso zowonongeka.
Efdrine wakhala akupezeka m'zipiritsi zambiri zamagulu ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo amavomerezedwa ndi othamanga ndi osakhala othamanga mofananamo chifukwa cha phindu lawo, kuphatikizapo:
- Kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera ndi kutaya mafuta kwa thupi
- Kuchita masewera olimbikitsa ndi kupirira
- Kulimbitsa ndende
Komabe, mu 2004, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inaletsa kugulitsa zakudya zophatikizapo ephedrine.
A FDA amalola kugulitsa mankhwala a ephedra kokha ngati alibe ephedrine. Zoterezi zimapezeka m'mayendedwe angapo otchuka komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Matenda a Efra amavomerezedwanso pansi pa lamulo lamakono.
Ntchito ya Efdrine
Ngakhale kuti kufalikira kwa ephedrine mu masewera ndi zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, maphunziro omwe atulutsidwa ndi a FDA akhala atatsimikizira kuti phindu la ntchito yawo ndi lokayikitsa. Zomwe mwapeza:
- Ngakhale ephedrine akhoza kuonjezera mwayi wochepa wochepa wolemera, palibe umboni woti udzapereka zopindulitsa pa nthawi yayitali.
- Palibenso umboni wakuti ephedrine amachititsa masewera olimbitsa thupi mwa kuwonjezereka mphamvu, kupirira, nthawi yogwira ntchito, mphamvu ya anaerobic, kapena nthawi yopuma pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Komanso, mu kafukufuku wawo, a FDA adapeza kuti mankhwala omwe ali ndi caffeine ndi ephedra / ephedrine adangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa zotsatira zake.
Zoopsa za Efdrine
Ephidrene ndi limodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zinaletsedwa ndi Komiti yapadziko lonse ya Olimpiki ndi ena onse akuluakulu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kuopsa kwa ephedra kunanenedwa koyamba m'chaka cha 2000 pamene kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ku New England Journal of Medicine anafotokoza kuti anthu angapo anafa chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwa mtima pambuyo polemba mankhwala. Komanso, imfa sizinali nthawi zonse zogwirizana ndi kudya kapena kumwa mopitirira muyeso.
Pofika m'chaka cha 2003, anthu oposa 40 omwe adafa anali ataphatikizidwapo, kuphatikizapo Steve Bechler, mlongo wa Baltimore Orioles. Zina mwa zotsatira zoopsa zokhudzana ndi ephedra / ephedrine ntchito ndi:
- Kuchuluka kwa mtima mofulumira kapena mofulumira
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Matenda amtima
- Sitiroko
- Kusaka
- Psychosis
Ntchito Zoletsedwa ndi Zoletsedwa
Pamene ephedrine imaletsedwa mu zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la matenda monga matenda a mphumu. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'njira zina zamankhwala zokhudzana ndi kupweteka kwa magazi pofuna kuteteza madontho oopsa m'magazi.
Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa kumayendetsedwa bwino ndi malamulo oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyana siyana kuchokera ku boma kupita ku boma. Madera ambiri adzafuna amalonda kuti apeze umboni wa kudziwika ndi kusunga ma bukhu a malonda onse.
Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a ephedra, pali masewera ambiri a masewera lero amene amagulitsidwa monga "zotetezedwa ephedra." Nthawi zambiri, zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zina zotsalira , monga Caralluma fimbriata , ndipo alibe ephedra konse.
Werengani malemba nthawi zonse pamene mugula mankhwalawa .
Chombo china chotchedwa ephedrine chomwe chingagulitsidwe pamsika pa mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a Chitsamba otchedwa Ma huang . Ndi tiyi yaiwisi, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku E. equisetina kapena E. sinica. Lamulo la malamuloli limalola tiyi kugulitsidwa popanda kuletsedwa malinga ngati sichigulitsidwa ngati chokhumba chokhumba kapena kuwonjezeredwa ndi zina zowonjezera zamtundu uliwonse.
> Zotsatira:
> Manore, M. "Zakudya zowonjezereka zowonjezera thupi ndi kuchepa kwa thupi: kodi umboni uli kuti?" Int J Sports Nutr Exerc Met. 2012; 22 (2): 139-54.
> Chithandizo cha National National Complementary and Integrative Health: Ma Institutes of Health. "Ephrita." Washington, DC; Kutsatsa NCCIH D336; zasinthidwa mwezi wa September 2016.
> Utsogoleri wa US Food and Drug Administration. "Umboni Wopereka / Kufufuza Zamakono (Nambala 76): Ephedra ndi Ephedrine pa Kuperewera kwa Kulemera Kwambiri ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchita Kuthandiza: Kuchita Kachipatala ndi Zotsatira Zochepa." Silver Spring, Maryland; Nkhani ya March 2004.