Nyamazirombo ndi tizilombo tafala kwambiri padziko lapansi
Kwa Ambiri ambiri, kuyembekezera kugwedeza tizilombo kungaoneke ngati kovuta; Komabe, chizoloŵezi ichi, chotchedwa entomophagy kapena chitetezo, chikufala m'mayiko ambiri otentha ndi akutukuka. Ndipotu, mitundu ina ya tizilombo, monga kanjedza ya mtundu wa palm palm, yomwe imatchedwa kachilomboka, imatengedwa kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali m'madera ena padziko lapansi, monga Asia, Africa, ndi South America.
Palibe chifukwa chomveka chakuti Amereka ayenera kuganizira mozama tizilombo. Kunena zoona, tizilombo sizinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zigawenga zomwe anthu amadya tsiku lililonse. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tonsefe timakhala ndi timadzi ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda . Kuwonjezera apo, anthu omwe amadwala nkhuku, lobster , nkhanu, ndi zipolopolo zina zingakhale zowonongeka ndi tizilombo, zomwe sizikuwonetseratu kuti zofanana ndi tizilombo komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimakhala zowonjezereka komanso zimakhala chenjezo kwa anthu omwe ali Kupewa nkhumba pofuna kupewa tizilombo, nazonso.
Pazifukwa zonse, pali zifukwa zambiri zokhalira kudya nsikidzi.
Choyamba, nkhuku zili ndi mapuloteni odzaza ndi mafuta osatulutsidwa , zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala okonzeka m'malo mwa nkhuku ndi nsomba.
Chachiwiri, kukolola tizilombo ndi ochezeka kwambiri kuposa chilengedwe. Makamaka, ziweto zimayambitsa 14 peresenti ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya wochokera padziko lonse kotero kuti zimathandizira kwambiri kutentha kwa dziko, zomwe zingachepe ngati anthu ambiri amadya nkhuku m'malo mwa nyama.
Chachitatu, kufunikira kwa mapuloteni padziko lapansi kumayembekezeredwa kupitirira kawiri m'mayiko otukuka pofika mu 2050. Nzika zambiri za m'mayiko osauka sizingathe kupeza nyama koma zimatha kupereka tizilombo.
Chachinai, kukolola kwa tizilombo kumabweretsa mwayi wachuma kwa anthu omwe amachita izo m'mayiko osauka. Ambiri mwa anthuwa ndi amayi omwe amakhala kumidzi.
Padziko lonse lapansi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakonda kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimakhala zomveka chifukwa 40 peresenti ya tizilombo tonse kunja komwe timakhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tiyeni tiwone magulu asanu ndi limodzi a tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. (Chonde onani kuti mayina a madontho a tizilombo kapena suborders ali m'mabuku.)
1 - nyamakazi (Coleoptera)
Kawirikawiri, mphutsi zokhazokha ndizokha zimadyedwa ndi anthu. Ku Cameroon, amayi omwe amatuta kanjedza amaika makutu awo ku mtengo wa kanjedza pofuna kuyamvetsera mphutsi. Azimayi akumvetsera kwa kafadala mu instar, gawo lothandizira kwambiri popitako.
Kuphatikiza pa kanjedza ya weevil, mitundu yambiri ya kachilomboka imadyedwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo nyamakazi zam'madzi, mphutsi zowononga nkhuni, ndi nyongolotsi zakuda.
Ku Netherlands, mitundu ya mbozi yamadya-makamaka, nyongolotsi yaing'ono, chakudya cham'chikasu, ndi mphutsi-zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa zowomba ndi nsomba. Anthu a ku Netherlands amalimbikitsidwanso kudya tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa chifukwa cha zakudya zawo, komanso m'masitolo apadera, mbozi ya chakudya imapezedwanso ngati chakudya kwa anthu.
2 - Mbozi (Lepidoptera)
Ngakhale kuti anthu ochokera m'madera ena amadya agulugufe akuluakulu ndi njenjete, anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe amadya otsutsawa amadya ngati mphutsi kapena mbozi. Mwachitsanzo ku Mexico, nyongolotsi zimayamikirika ndi alimi ndipo zimatengedwa ndi nyongolotsi. Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ofewa kapena ozizira kwambiri. Zitha kuonongeka ndi msuzi wophika komanso zimatumizidwa mumtambo. Mbozi zimenezi zili pakati pa "mphutsi" zomwe zimapezeka m'mabotolo a mzimu woledzera.
Mbozi yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse ndi mphalapala ya mopane, yomwe imapezeka m'mapiri a mopane. Mapiri a mopane ndiwo malo akuluakulu omwe amapita ku South Africa, Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana, Angola ndi zina zambiri. Zikuoneka kuti mbozi 9,5 biliyoni amakololedwa chaka chilichonse ku Southern Africa kotero akukolola $ 85 miliyoni pachaka.
3 - Misozi, Njuchi ndi Ants (Hymenoptera)
Nyerere ndi zinyama zokongola kwambiri komanso zopindulitsa kwa anthu. Kuwonjezera pa kuonedwa kuti ndi zokoma m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi, nyerere zimatenganso njinga zamagetsi ndipo ndizo mitundu yowononga tizilombo.
Mphungu ndi ziphuphu za nyerere ndizowotchuka ku Asia komwe zimatchedwa "mazira a nyerere." Mu Thailand, mazira a nyerere amagulitsidwa mukhoza! Kuwonjezera pamenepo, nyerere yakuda, yomwe imapezeka m'madera otentha a China, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India ndi Sri Lanka, imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chogwiritsira ntchito zakudya zamankhwala ndi tonics, zomwe zimapezeka m'misika ya China.
Ku Japan, mphutsi za jekete yachikasu, mtundu wa zamavu, ndi zokoma ndi zokoma, zomwe, kuphatikizapo kukololedwa kwanuko, zimayenera kutumizidwa kuchokera ku Vietnam ndi Australia kuti zithandize kukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti ngakhale kuti muli ndi thanzi labwino komanso muli ndi amino acid, mphamvu, mchere komanso mavitamini a B , amadziwika bwino za ubwino-njuchi, osati uchi-monga chakudya. Monga zinyama, njuchi zikhoza kulima mosavuta.
Pamodzi ndi zilonda, mazira a njuchi, mphutsi ndi ziphuphu (zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti njuchi) ndizofunikira kwambiri zakudya za tizilombo kumpoto kwa Thailand. Ndipotu, kumpoto kwa Thailand, ana a njuchi ndi ofunikira kwambiri ndipo amagula kwambiri pamsika.
4 - Nkhumba, dzombe ndi Crickets (Orthoptera)
Mwayi ndiwotheka ngati mukuwona dzombe, ndizodya. Mitundu yambiri ya zinyama 80 zomwe zimapezeka padziko lonse zimadya. Kudziko la West Africa ku Niger, njoka za cricket zimagulitsidwa pamsewu ngati chakudya. Kuwonjezera apo, ku Mexico, chapuline , yomwe ndi kakompyuta yotchuka kwambiri ku Latin America, imatsukidwa kenako imatsukidwa ndi mandimu, adyo, ndi mchere kuti idye.
Dzombe zimapezeka m'mabulu ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuzigwira. Chifukwa dzombe likuchoka, zimangokhala zokondweretsa ku Africa komanso ku Middle East. Mitundu yambiri ya dzombe, monga dzombe, zofiira, ndi dzombe. Chifukwa dzombe zimatengedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nthawi zambiri zimatulutsidwa ndi organophosphate tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Dzombe zomwe zakhudzana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo zagwidwa ku Kuwait panthawi yokolola.
Nkhuku zimasonkhanitsidwa m'mawa chifukwa zimakhala zoziziritsa ndipo zimakhala zosalala m'nyengo yozizira m'mawa kwambiri.
Mabala a njuchi ndi ovuta kulima chifukwa amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Choncho, mitundu iwiri yokha ya cricket imakhala yogulitsa: Gryllus bimaculatus ndi Acheta domesticus . N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti anthu a ku Cambodia akhala akukonda kwambiri zikopa zamalondazi ndipo amawakonda kumakombala a njuchi zomwe zimagwidwa kuthengo chifukwa amadzinenera kuti ziphuphu zimakhala bwino. Chochititsa china chochititsa chidwi: Kuwonjezera pa kudyedwa, njuchi za ku China zimasungidwanso monga ziweto komanso kubetcherana pamakani a kanyumba
5 - Cicadas (Hemoptera)
Ngati mumakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States, mukhoza kudziwa za cicadas periodical. M'nyengo yamasika, nsomba za mapiko a mapikowa zimatuluka kuchokera pansi atatha zaka pafupifupi 17 pansi akuyamwa chimbudzi. Chakudya chawo, chomwe chili ndi zomera zambiri, chimapatsa cicadas katsitsumzukwa kake kakang'ono kamene kakadyetsedwa. Cicadas ikhoza kuphikidwa komanso yokazinga komanso kuphika mu quiche, pies, ndi cookies.
6 - Matenda a Pentatomid (Heteroptera)
Mitundu ya Pentatomid imatchedwa kuti ziphuphu kapena ziphuphu zonunkhira. M'madera akummwera kwa Sahara a Africa, nkhuku za pentatomid zimadyedwa, ndipo mafuta omwe amachokera ku kachilomboka amasonkhanitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza chakudya.
Mitundu yambiri ya bubu la pentatomid yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi m'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, ku Mexico, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo ta m'nyanja ya pentatomid imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ahuahutle , kapena caviar ya ku Mexican. Madzi am'madzi otchedwa pentatomid ndi amodzi omwe amalimidwa ndi alimi.
> Zotsatira:
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> Van Huis A. Tizilombo Tomwe Timadya Ndi Tsogolo. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2016; 75: 294-305.
> Van Huis A et al. Tizilombo Tomwe Timadya: Tsogolo Labwino la Chakudya ndi Chakudya Chakudya . Rome: FAO; 2013.
> Yen AL. Kusungunuka kwa tizilombo komanso tizilombo tosungira: Zina mwa Maganizo Omwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito Mimba. Journal of Insect Conservation. 2009; 13: 667-670.