Malangizo ofunikira Ophika Zakudya Zopanda Gluten

Sizomwe Zili Zofanana Monga Kugwira Ntchito ndi Tirigu Wamphamvu

Kuti mudziwe momwe mungalowerere ufa wosakaniza wa gluteni wa ufa wa tirigu, zimathandiza kudziwa pang'ono zakudya zamagetsi. Ngakhale mutakhala woopsa pa khemistri, sizili zovuta kwambiri. Phunzirani mfundo zofunika za ufa ndi momwe mungalowerere ufa wopanda ufa wa tirigu wa ufa wa tirigu.

Kodi Mphamvu N'chiyani?

Mpunga umapangidwa ndi tirigu, nyemba, mtedza, kapena mbewu mu ufa wabwino.

Pamene zinthuzi zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, zotsatira zake zimatchedwa "chakudya" osati "ufa".

Pamene anthu ambiri amaganiza za ufa, akuganiza za ufa wa tirigu, zomwe mwachiwonekere ndi zolepheretsa kudya zakudya zopanda thanzi. Mitengo yopangidwa ndi tirigu, balere, kapena rye imakhala ndi gluteni ndipo imapangitsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa ndi osowa omwe amatha kudwala. Mwamwayi, zimakhala zovuta komanso zosavuta kupeza njira zosiyana siyana. Mukhoza kuzipeza mu chigawo cha zakudya zachilengedwe za supermarket kapena lalikulu pa intaneti.

Mfundo Zofunika Ponena za Mphukira ndi Gluten

Ndi kuphika kopanda gluteni ndi kuphika, kumathandiza kudziwa zomwe gluten amachita musanayese kugwira ntchito popanda izo.

• Gluten amapanga mtanda "doughy." Pamene glutenin ndi gliadin zimayandikana ndi madzi, mamolekyu a gluten amayamba ndi kuyamba kupanga zida zamphamvu, zowonongeka. Izi zomangira zotsekemera zimapatsa mtanda mikhalidwe yake yotambasula. Kodi munayamba mwawona pizza akupangidwa? Ophika mkate amaponyera mtanda wa pizza mmwamba ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kuti awutambasule. Mkate wotambasula uli ndi gluten wambiri mmenemo.

• Gluten amathandiza mtanda ukukwera. Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akuwonjezeredwa ku ufa kumakhudza chitukuko cha gluteni, ndi madzi ochulukirapo omwe amachititsa chitukuko chambiri ndi chewier mtanda. Kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kapena kuponyera ndi chinthu chachiwiri. Kneading kumathandiza kuti ma kamolekyu a gluten azipanga mawonekedwe otalika otsekemera kapena mapepala. Ndicho chifukwa mtanda ukhoza kuwuka pamene yisiti yonjezedwa. Yisiti imapereka mpweya, mpweya umagwidwa ndi mapepala a gluten, ndipo mtanda ukukwera.

• Zosiyana zosiyana zimafuna zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokolola za tirigu imakhala ndi chinyama chosiyanasiyana cha kukula kwa guden. Chakudya cha mkate chimakhala ndi ma gluten ambiri, pamene ufa wa keke ndi wochepa mu gluten chifukwa mikate iyenera kukhala yochepa kuposa pizza ndi mkate. Cake ufa uli ndi gluten yokwanira kuti zinthu zophikidwa zisapunthwe. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kupweteka kwa pie-komwe kumafunika kukhala kosauka ndi kosalala-khala ndi chakudya chambiri kuposa mkate kapena mikate. M'malo mwake, ufa wautumbu umakhala ndifupikitsa pang'ono komanso pang'ono chabe, ndipo zimangosakaniza zokwanira kuti ziphatikizidwe.

Kupereka Mphungu Yopanda Gluten Kwa Tirigu Wambiri Kuphika Zakudya Zabwino

Gluten amapereka katundu wofunikira ku mtanda wokhazikika. Mudzakhala ndi zotsatira zokhumudwitsa ngati mutangozichotsa popanda kuzibwezera mwanjira ina. Pano pali nsonga zogwiritsira ntchito bwino kuphika ndi zisowa za gluten, zomwe zinalembedwa ndi Mkulu Richard Coppedge, pulofesa mu Baking ndi Pastry Arts ku Culinary Institute of America ku Hyde Park, NY

• Gulani kapena kupanga kusakaniza kwa ufa wosasuka. Ngati mumangofunika kuvala chinachake mu ufa musanayese, mukhoza kuthawa ufa wopanda ufa wa gluten. Koma chifukwa chophika, kupsa kwa gluten kumagwira ntchito bwino pogwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi. Pofuna kutulutsa sauces ndi gravies, muzigwiritsa ntchito chimanga kapena wowuma m'malo mwa ufa wopanda gluten. Yambani ndi kusakaniza kopanda ufa wosasuntha komwe kungalowe m'malo mwa ufa wa tirigu m'maphikidwe. Zambiri zamalonda zilipo, kapena mungagule malonda anu (mungafunikire kuwalamula ndi makalata) ndikupanga kusakaniza kwanu .

• Kuphika mikate ndi mipukutu muzitsulo zokhala ndi makoma. Popanda gluten, mikate ya mkate ndi mipukutu sizimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kuphika mkate mu mapeyala kapena Bundt mapepala, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mapepala amkati.
• Onjezani chingamu ku ufa wopanda ufa wa gluteni. Zotsatira zowonongeka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi gluten zimatha kusinthidwa ndi zina mwa kuwonjezera ziganizo monga guar gamu kapena xanthan gum. Nsabwe izi zimangowonjezeredwa ku maphikidwe pang'onozing'ono (monga 1/8 mpaka 1/4 supuni ya tiyi pa chikho cha ufa) ndipo zakhala zikuphatikizidwa kale mu zosakaniza zopanda ufa wa gluten.
• Onjezerani mapuloteni ena mukamagwiritsa ntchito ufa wosasuka. Chef Coppedge akufotokoza kuti chifukwa gluten ndi mapuloteni, ikhoza kuthandizira kuonjezera mapuloteni kuphika maphikidwe pamene mukulowetsamo mafinya opanda gluten pa ufa wa tirigu. Mwachitsanzo, akuganiza kuti, yesetsani kuikapo chikho cha madzi mumsewu wanu ndi dzira kapena azungu azungu.

• Werengani mabuku othandizira a gluten komanso mabungwe atsopano. Mabuku ambiri ophika osungunuka amatha kupezeka. Monga kusuta kwa gluten kumakhala kofala, mudzapeza njira zatsopano ndi zatsopano.
• Yesetsani ndi zokondeka zakale. Musawope kugwira ntchito ndi maphikidwe anu omwe mumawakonda kwambiri, mukuwasinthira iwo kukhala opanda mchere. Zingatengere mayesero angapo kuti azindikire zoyenera kuchita. Patula tsiku lomaliza sabata kuti muyesere, ndipo muwone ngati mungathe kubwezeretsanso chinthu chimene mumawakonda mwa mawonekedwe omwe mungadye.
• Kumbukirani kuti muteteze kuti musadetsedwe ndi gluten. Mwachitsanzo, musakonzekere zakudya za gluten pamalo omwewo kuti muzikonzekera zakudya ndi gluteni pokhapokha ngati zitsukidwa bwino (ndipo zitha kutsukidwa-mwachitsanzo, simungathe kutsuka mapulani a matabwa mokwanira kuti mukhale ndi gluten- mfulu). Ndiwe wotetezeka kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi ziwiya zosiyana za kukonzekera chakudya cha gluten. Nthawi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito sinthala zosiyanitsa zamagetsi zosasunthika komanso zokhazikika.
• Sungani ufa wosasuka wa gluten mufiriji kapena firiji. Malangizo amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri ngati mugula malonda anu ambiri. Ngati mumasunga firiji yanu mufiriji, asiye kutentha kuti musagwiritse ntchito.
• Onetsetsani kuti ufa umene mumalowetsamo ndi wopanda gluten. Samalani ndi zotsatirazi zotsatirazi. Ali ndi mayina osamveka koma ali ndi gluten ndipo ayenera kupewa:

> Chitsime:

> Coppedge RJ, Charles C. Gluten Osakaniza Bwino Ndi Culinary Institute of America . Avon, MA: Adams Media; 2008.