Choonadi Chotsatira Chakumwa Chamasewera Chachilengedwe
Zakumwa za masewera zingakhale zofunikira pa kayendedwe ka hydration kwa akulu akulu ndi othamanga. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti akhoza kukhala chakudya cha masewero olimbitsa madzi, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Makampani azachuma monga PepsiCo Inc., amene amapanga Gatorade , akumasula mtundu wa zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi.
Iwo akuyesetsa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana za othamanga mwa kupereka mankhwala abwino, koma funso lidalibebe ngati zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi n'zofunikira, organic kapena ayi.
Zolimbana ndi Zolimbitsa Zamatchi
Kupititsa patsogolo thanzi ndiko chifukwa chachikulu chomwe ogula akuyendera zachilengedwe. Zakudya za thupi zimatulutsidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala, steroids, antibiotics, kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amawoneka ngati ovulaza. Opanga Gatorade anayamba kukonzanso mankhwala awo mwa kuchotsa mafuta a masamba a brominated, omwe kafukufuku wowonjezera awonetsa kuti amachititsa zotsatira zoipa. Mavitaminiwa adzasinthidwa ndikukhala ndi zowonjezera zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha: madzi, shuga a nzimbe, citric asidi, kukoma kwachilengedwe, mchere wamchere, sodium citrate, ndi potassium chloride.
Zakudya zamasewera zimatengedwa ngati zakumwa zakumwa shuga ndipo zimagwera chakudya chimodzimodzi monga zakumwa zofewa kapena sodas .
Mndandanda wa zophatikizirawu umakhala ndi madzi, electrolytes (sodium ndi potaziyamu), shuga, mtundu wopangira, ndi zokometsera.
Zakudya za masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi zosakaniza zing'onozing'ono zikhoza kukhala zabwino, koma opanga sagwiritsabe ntchito shuga wochuluka ndi sodium mu mankhwala. Izi zimatibwezeretsa kuzimwa ngati zakumwa za masewera ndi zathanzi, kaya ziri zamoyo kapena ayi.
Mbiri ya Gatorade
Omwe asayansi a ku yunivesite ya Florida , omwe adatuluka ku 1965, anayamba kupanga zakumwa za masewerawa chifukwa cha gulu lawo la mpira wotchedwa Gators. Kulemekeza mzimu wa timu, kumwa zakumwa masewera kunatchedwa Gatorade.
Cholinga cha Gatorade chinali kuthamangitsa ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu ya electrolyte kwa othamanga pa masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amatha maola angapo. Chaka chotsatira, Florida Gators anapambana ndi mbiri yakale ku Orange Bowl. Chimene chinapangitsa Gators kupatula ena magulu a mpira wa mpira anali kumwa zakumwa masewera, okonzedwera kwa iwo ndi kuwoneka ngati akukweza masewera awo. Gatorade yowuma mtima inayamba ndipo eni ake panthawiyo anayambitsa Gatorade Sports Science Institute. Gatorade amalamulira kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa zokolola zakumwa za masewera ndi malonda mpaka lero.
Gatorade kupita organic ndikusinthika kufunikira kwa ogula kuti azikhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi ena ochita masewera a zakumwa za masewera amatsimikiza kuti atsatire njirayi. Makampani opanga mankhwala ndi msika wambirimbiri biliyoni ndipo akulimbikitsira ogulitsa chakudya. Ochita masewera ndi anthu akuluakulu omwe akugwira ntchito akuyesetsa kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti apange masewera olimbitsa thupi .
Kafukufuku Wotsutsana
Gatorade Sports Science Institute imakhalabe ndalama zambiri zopititsa patsogolo kafukufuku pa zakumwa za masewera.
Izi zasonyeza kuti pali kuthetsa kusakondera komwe akatswiri akudalira kwambiri phindu la mafakitale. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina wofalitsidwa ku PLOS Medicine , zikuwonetseratu kuti ndalama zogulitsa ndalama zingagwiritse ntchito mfundo zokhudzana ndi zakudya zokhudzana ndi sayansi kuti zithandize mgwirizano wa mankhwalawo popanda kuganizira kuti zingatheke bwanji kuntchito yaumphawi.
Zikuwoneka kuti zofufuza zenizeni zenizeni zokhudzana ndi masewera, makamaka, zikusoweka. Maphunziro ambiri azachipatala akuwoneka kuti akuchokera ku lingaliro ndi zovuta zotsutsana zikusimbidwa. Kafukufuku wamakono akuwonetsa chisankho chosamvana pa zakumwa za masewera zomwe zimapangitsa mpikisano wothamanga kapena kusasintha kanthu konse.
Umboni wosatsutsika ukhoza kukhala wovuta kwa othamanga, makosi, ndi odyetsa zakudya omwe amadalira kafukufuku kuti apange zosankha zabwino zaumoyo.
Udindo wa Zakumwa Zamasewera
Zakumwa zapadera zinapangidwira othamanga komanso akuluakulu okhutira kuti abweretse madzi ndi electrolytes (sodium ndi potaziyamu) atataya nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Malingana ndi American College of Sports Medicine, zakumwa za masewera zimathandiza ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kuposa mphindi 60. Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe inafalitsidwa mu Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition , othamanga omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa maola awiri angapangitse patsogolo ntchito yomwe imadya zakudya zamadzi ndi zakumwa zomwe zimapezeka mu zakumwa za masewera.
Ochita masewera komanso akuluakulu omwe amachita nawo ntchito zolimbitsa thupi amawonongeka ndi madzi ndi thupi ndi electrolytes kudzera mu thukuta. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kayendedwe ka hydration, kuphatikizapo zakumwa za madzi ndi masewera, zingathandizire kusungunuka bwino kwa anthu. Cholinga ndikuteteza kutaya kwa madzi m'thupi ndi kusintha kwakukulu ku mphamvu ya electrolyte yomwe ingawononge kwambiri masewera. Mitundu ya thukuta imasiyanasiyana ndi wothamanga ndipo motero ndibwino kuti mapulojekiti amalowetsedwe.
Vuto la shuga
Zakumwa zakumwa masewera, kaya ndi zamoyo, zili ndi shuga. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zaumoyo wathanzi , zakumwa zina zamasewera zingakhale ndi magalamu 19 a shuga, mamiligalamu 200 a sodium, ndi ma calories 80 pa 8-ounce omwe akutumikira. Shuga yokhudzana ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe ali ndi magalamu 19 a shuga amafanana ndi supuni 5.
Malangizo a World Health Organization (WHO) amalangiza kuti anthu ambiri amadya supuni 6 zokha za shuga pa tsiku ndipo alangizira makapuni atatu okha a ana. MaseĊµera amodzi amamwera kumakhala pafupi ndi zofunikira za shuga tsiku lililonse kwa munthu wamkulu ndipo zimadutsa mwanayo!
Vuto ndilo kuti anthu omwe si ochita masewera akuluakulu, achinyamata, ndi ana akuwotcha pamitengo yoopsa. Kafukufuku amawonetsa zakumwa zotsekemera (SSBs) monga zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi "ndiwo omwe amachititsa shuga wambiri mu zakudya za ku America." Kutentha kwambiri kwa shuga kumawonetseratu kuti zimapangitsa kuti kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kuchepetsa thanzi la mano.
Malingana ndi Obesity Action Coalition (OAC), pamene zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, zimapereka shuga, sodium, ndi zoperewera zosafunikira. Kusakaniza kwambiri shuga kumadya kuchokera ku shuga-zotsekemera zakumwa (SSBs), "ndizo zimayambitsa matenda a mano, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri."
Magazini ya American Dental Association inafalitsa nkhani yomwe imasonyeza zakumwa zotsekemera (SSBs) monga zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi sizomwe zimayambitsa zinyama koma zimatulutsa njira zabwino zowonjezera madzi. Zikuwoneka kuti ma SSB akuyambitsa mliri wochepetsa vuto la thanzi labwino, makamaka achinyamata ndi ana. Kafukufuku wasonyeza chomwe chimayambitsa ndi chitsimikizo cha mazinyo a mano amachokera ku zakumwa za shuga.
Zomwera Zamasewera
Zakumwa zamasewera zimakhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, zokoma, komanso zosakaniza. Zoonadi kuti zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi monga Gatorade zikufunikiranso mosamala zomwe zili mkati.
Malinga ndi katswiri wina wamagetsi, zakumwa za masewera zimadzaza shuga ndipo makamaka monga kumwa makandulo. Mzere watsopano wa Gatorade uli ndi supuni zisanu ndi ziwiri za shuga wowonjezera pa oposa 16.9 omwe amagwira ntchito. Malingana ndi American Heart Association (AMA), izi zimaposa akuluakulu omwe amalandira malipiro a masupuni 6 a shuga tsiku ndi tsiku. Vuto lina ndi zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi zimagulitsidwa ngati ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amawunikira anthu othamanga ndi anthu onse. Mgwirizanowu wa Obesity Action (OAC) wapereka chithandizo chothandiza kusokoneza zowonjezera zakumwa zotchuka:
| Dzina | Kutumikira Kukula | Malori | Carbs | Sugars | Sodium | Mapuloteni |
| Zerani Zero | 8oz | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80mg | 0 |
| Gatorade G Series | 8oz | 50 | 14g | 14g | 110mg | 0 |
| Gatorade G2 Series | 8oz | 20 | 5g | 5g | 110mg | 0 |
| Gatorade Fit O2 Chitani | 8oz | 10 | 2g | 2g | 110mg | 0 |
| Gatorade Fit O3 Bwezerani | 11oz | 100 | 12g | 9g | 310mg | 0 |
| Masewera a Mphamvu | 8oz | 50 | 14g | 14g | 100mg | 0 |
| Powerade zero | 8oz | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110mg | 0 |
| Sobe Lifewater | 8oz | 0 | 3g | 0 | 25mg | 0 |
| Kuthamanga kwa Thupi Lonse | 20oz | 150 | 40g | 40g | 140mg | 0 |
| Glaceau Vitamini madzi | 8oz | 50 | 13g | 13g | 0 | 0 |
| Glaceau Vitamini madzi zero | 8oz | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100mg | 0 |
Masewera Amamwa Zomwe Ndi Malangizo
Zakudya za masewera olimbitsa thupi malonda ndi malonda akulosera kukula kwambiri. Zakumwazi zimalengezedwa kuti zithandize thanzi lathu komanso thanzi lathu, koma malinga ndi kafukufuku samalangizidwa kuti asakhale othamanga. Mfundo zotsatirazi ndi ndondomeko zakhala zikuchokera ku kafukufuku wopitirira pa zakumwa za masewera:
- Thanzi la masewera olimbitsa thupi ndiloyenera kwa ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
- Ana ambiri a ku America kapena achinyamata sagwira ntchito mokwanira kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa za masewera.
- Madzi ndi zakudya zoyenera zimalimbikitsidwa komanso zabwino kwambiri kwa munthu wamkulu, mwana wachinyamata kapena mwana yemwe akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osakwana ola limodzi.
- Zakudya za masewera ndizochokera ku shuga wochulukirapo komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
- Zakumwa zamasewera zingawonjezere chiopsezo cha umoyo wabwino wa mano.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi kumawonjezera kuwonjezeka kwa sodium .
- Zakumwa za masewera zimasonyeza kuti zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri kwa akuluakulu, achinyamata, ndi ana.
Mtsinje
Zakumwa zakumwa pamodzi ndi zina zotsekemera (SSBs) zimakhala pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya shuga wowonjezera mu zakudya za ku America. Kuwonjezeka kwa kudya shuga kwawonetsa kale kuti ndi vuto la mliri lomwe limayambitsa matenda aakulu. Zikuwonetsedwa kuti zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi zikuwonjezeka kwambiri kuti izi ziwonjezereke ndi shuga komanso kudya kalori. Kafukufuku wasonyeza zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi zomwe sizidya kunja kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi zokhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso thanzi labwino la mano.
Makampani akuyesera kupanga zomwe zingawoneke ngati zakumwa zolimbitsa thanzi, koma kuchotsa mankhwala okwanira? Zikuwoneka kuti opanga masewera a masewera amayenera kuthana ndi zotsatira zomwe zawonjezeka shuga ndi sodium zikukhala ndi thanzi labwino kuyambira nthawi zambiri zakumwa za masewera zimadyedwa ndi anthu omwe sali othamanga komanso ana. Mwinamwake malonda abwino kuti azitha othamanga m'malo mwa anthu ambiri, monga momwe akulimbikitsira mu maphunziro angapo, angakhale opindulitsa. Ngakhale kupita ku organic kungamve ngati chithandizo chabwino cha thanzi, kuyang'ana mozama zomwe zili m'ntchitoyo ndi kofunikira, makamaka ndi osagwiritsa ntchito masewera.
> Zotsatira:
Maphunziro a Zamankhwala a American College, Masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi Mafilimu, Medicine & Science mu Masewera ndi Zochita Zolimbitsa Thupi, Chikhalidwe, 2007.
> Justin D Roberts ndi al., Kuwonetsa Zamalonda Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito pa Zamalonda Zomwe Zimapezeka Pakumwa Zamadzimadzi pa Zomwe Zimapangidwira Zakudya Zamadzimadzimadzi, Kutulutsa Mafilimu ndi Kuchita Zochita Zolimbitsa Thupi, Journal of International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2014.
> Mary Story, PhD, RD et al., Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zakumwa ZamaseĊµera ndi Ana ndi Achinyamata , Kudya Kwambiri
Kafukufuku, Kufufuza Kafukufuku, June 2012.
> Rob H. Beaglehole, BDS, Madokotala a mano ndi zakumwa za Sugary, A Call to Action, American Dental Association 2015.