Hyponatremia, yomwe imatchedwanso kumwa mowa, nthawi zambiri imakhalapo chifukwa chomwa madzi ochuluka kwambiri omwe amachititsa kuti sodium ikhale yochepa m'magazi. Kamodzi kamodzi kawirikawiri pamasewera, zikukhala zikufala kwambiri pamene kutenga nawo mbali kumawonjezeka ndipo ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi akulowa zochitika zopirira.
Zimayambitsa
Panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, sodium imatayika pamodzi ndi thukuta.
Wopikisano yemwe amangobwezeretsa madzi otayika ndi madzi adzakhala ndi kuchepa kwa ndondomeko ya magazi. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani galasi lonse la madzi amchere. Ngati mutaya gawo limodzi la magawo a galasi (monga yotayika ndi thukuta) ndipo m'malo mwake mumalowetsa madzi okha, mavitamini a sodium mu galasi ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo madzi amachepetsa kwambiri. Izi zikhoza kuchitika m'magazi a wothamanga yemwe amadzipaka madzi pokhapokha atapsa thukuta. Zotsatira ndi hyponatremia.
Kulimbitsa thupi kwa sodium n'kofunikira pakufalitsa mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi minofu yoyenera, ndipo ngakhale kuchepa pang'ono kwa ndondomekoyi kungayambitse mavuto. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ochita masewera olimba kwambiri angathe kutaya 2 magalamu a mchere pa thukuta la thukuta. Kusintha izi panthawiyi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito ndi chitetezo.
Zochitika Zopirira
Kutuluka thukuta kwa nthawi yaitali kumapangitsa kuti munthu wothamanga adzasintha njira yothetsera magazi.
Chifukwa chakuti sodium imatayika ndi thukuta ndikofunikira kwa iwo omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yaitali kuti athetse m'malo aliwonse omwe ataya.
Kafukufuku apeza kuti zochitika zautali kwa nthawi yayitali, monga Ironman distance triathlons, nthawi zambiri zimatha kumaliza ndi magazi otsika kwambiri. Amene ali pachiopsezo chachikulu ndi omwe ali pa ulendo wautali kwambiri chifukwa amamwa madzi ambiri panthawiyi.
Othawa omwe amamwa madzi owonjezera m'masiku oyambirira mpikisanowu kapena omwe amaima pamadzi pampikisano amakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha hyponatremia.
Ndipotu, kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ku New England Journal of Medicine anapeza kuti 13 peresenti ya othamanga a Boston Marathon anapanga hyponatremia kuchokera kumwa madzi ambiri. Pamene phunziro lina linasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala yomweyi inapeza kuti 10.6 peresenti ya gulu la Ironman European Championship linayamba kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa. Mwapadera, ma triatletes omwe ali ndi nthawi ya maola 9 kapena kuposerapo amawoneka kuti ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku hyponatremia.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zoyambirira zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonongeka ndipo zimakhala zofanana ndi kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi ndipo zimaphatikizapo kunyoza, kupweteka kwa minofu, kusokonezeka, kulankhula momasuka, ndi chisokonezo. Panthawi imeneyi, othamanga ambiri amamwa madzi ambiri chifukwa amaganiza kuti ali ndi madzi. Mwamwayi, madzi okha adzawonjezera vuto la hyponatremia. Pa wothamanga kwambiri wothamanga akhoza kukhumudwa, kukomoka, kapena kufa.
Chithandizo
Pachizindikiro choyamba cha zizindikiro, wothamanga ayenera kumwa sodium okhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kudya zakudya zamchere. Momwemonso, wothamanga ayenera kukonzekera patsogolo ndi kuyerekezera kutaya kwake kwa madzi ndi kusowa kwa m'malo mwa sodium panthawiyi, ndipo pitirizani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mu mpikisano.
Ngati zizindikirozo zili zoopsa, dokotala ayenera kuwonedwa.
Kupewa
Njira yabwino kuti wothamanga athane ndi mavuto ngati amenewa ndi kukonzekera patsogolo ndi maphunziro omwewo mudzakumana nawo pa tsiku la mpikisano. Malangizowo a zotsitsimula ndi awa:
- Yerengani madzi omwe mumamwa madzi ndi njira yosavuta .
- Gwiritsirani ntchito sodium yomwe imakhala ndi zakumwa zolimbitsa thupi pamtunda wautali, zochitika zazikulu kwambiri zomwe ndizitali kuposa 60 mpaka 90 mphindi.
- Lonjezerani kumwa mchere tsiku ndi tsiku masiku ambuyomu musanapambane, pokhapokha mutakhala ndi matenda oopsa. Zakudya zomwe zimapereka sodium yowonjezerapo zimaphatikizapo supu yachakudya, nkhuku, tchizi, pretzels, ndi madzi a phwetekere.
- Yesetsani kumamwa mochuluka ndiye inu thukuta.
- Pa marathon, malamulo abwino a chala chachikulu ndikumwa za 1 chikho cha madzi tsiku lililonse.
- Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anti-inflammatory (NSAIDS) omwe ali ndi sodium. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti mankhwalawa amatha kukonzekera othamanga ku hyponatremia.
Kumbukirani kuti othamanga onse amayankha mosiyana kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi; zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zosowa zamadzimadzi ndi sodium ndizokha.
Monga nthawi zonse, ndikofunika kuonana ndi dokotala wanu pazomwe mukuganiza ngati muli ndi mbiri ya mavuto alionse a thanzi kapena mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala alionse kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Zotsatira:
Almond CS, Shin AY, Fortescue EB, et al. Hyponatremia pakati pa othamanga ku Boston Marathon. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1550-1556.
Chigwirizano cha 1 1st International Hyercatremia, Gulu la Consensus Development Conference, Cape Town, South Africa 2005. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 15 (4): 208-213, July 2005.
Danz M, Pöttgen K, Tönjes PM, Hinkelbein J, Braunecker S. Hyponatremia pakati pa Triathletes mu Ironman European Championship. N Engl J Med. 2016 Mar 10; 374 (10): 997-8.