Ndikapita kukagula, nthawi zambiri ndimawona mawu akuti "opindulitsa" kapena "olimbikitsidwa" pa zokugulitsira chakudya. Kodi mawuwa akutanthauza chiyani ndipo ndi kusiyana kotani pakati pa awiriwa?
Nthawi zina mumawona mawu awa pa zakudya zothandizidwa, nthawi zambiri ndi zina zowonjezera thanzi kapena zakudya. Zakudya zomwe mawu opindulitsa kapena omangirizidwa osindikizidwa pa malemba awo akhala ndi zowonjezera kapena zowonjezera zowonjezera kwa iwo panthawi yopanga.
Zowonjezera 'zakudya zambiri' zimaphatikizapo calcium, vitamini C, potassium, chitsulo, mapuloteni kapena fiber.
Mwa njira zina, kupindulitsa ndi kulumikiza ndizofanana, koma mawuwo samasintha kwenikweni. Mukhoza kunena kuti kupindulitsa ndi mawonekedwe a chitetezo, koma zowonjezera sizili zofanana ndi kulemera.
Kodi Chakudya Chochulukitsa N'chiyani?
Mawu oti 'opindulitsa' akutanthawuza kuti zakudya zowonjezera zakhala zikuwonjezeredwa kuti zilowe m'malo zomwe zatayika panthawi yopanga. Mwachitsanzo, tirigu wathunthu ali ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi zitsulo zomwe zimakhala kumtunda kwa njere, yomwe imatchedwa kanyumba. Tirigu onse ali ndi thanzi ndipo ndi abwino kwa inu, koma anthu ambiri amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wonyezimira kwa mkate wawo, zakudya zophika ndi zina. Choncho opanga chakudya amatsuka tirigu wonse mwa kuchotsa nkhumbazo, kupanga ufa woyera. N'zoona kuti kuchotsa zipilalazi kumachotsanso mavitamini ndi chitsulo kwambiri kuti abwezeretsedwe mu ufa asanayambe kutumiza ndi kutumizira ku malo ogulitsa ndi kudyera.
Kulemera kumayendetsedwa pofuna kuteteza ogula. Dipatimenti ya Food and Drug Administration ya United States ili ndi malamulo omwe opanga chakudya ayenera kutsatira kuti athe kufotokozera zokhudzana ndi kupindula. Malinga ndi a FDA, zakudya zitha kudzinenera kuti zikhale zopindulitsa ngati "zili ndi 10 peresenti ya Mtengo wa Tsiku ndi tsiku wa zakudya zomwe zimakhala zochepa kusiyana ndi chakudya cha mtundu womwewo umene sungapindulitsidwe."
Komanso, mankhwala angatchulidwe ngati opindula pamene akumana ndi "kufotokoza kwa FDA kwa mtundu wa chakudya ndi dzina lomwe limaphatikizapo nthawi imeneyo (monga kupatsa mkate kapena kupindulitsa mpunga)." Kwa chitsanzo chathu, ufa ukhoza kulembedwa ngati "kupukutira ufa" ngati uli ndi ndalama zochepa za thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid , ndi chitsulo.
Kodi Chakudya Cholimba N'chiyani?
Zakudya zolimbikitsidwa zimakhala ndi zakudya zina zowonjezera zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ndi opanga zakudya, koma sizinatanthauzidwe kuti zidzalowe m'malo mwa zakudya zomwe zatayika panthawi yopangidwira. Ndipotu, zakudya zolimba zimakhala ndi zakudya zomwe sizikuwoneka mwachibadwa m'zakudya. Lingaliro ndi kupangitsa chakudya kukhala wathanzi mwa kuwonjezera zakudya zina. Izi zingakhale zothandiza kwa anthu omwe angakhale akusoweka pazing'ono zochepa zofunika, zowonjezera chakudya zingathandize kupereka zakudya zomwe sizikusowa zakudya komanso zimakhala zabwino kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwa zakudya zoyamba ku United States inali mchere wodetsedwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, goiter (matenda a chithokomiro) anali wamba m'madera omwe ayodini anali osowa m'nthaka. Mu 1924, ena opanga mchere anawonjezera ayodini kwa mankhwala awo, zomwe zathandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mitu yatsopano ya goiter mwachangu.
Mkaka umakhala wolimba kwambiri ndi vitamini D mu 1933 pofuna kutsimikizira kuti calcium yokwanira ingapangidwe. Kulephera kwa vitamini D kungachititse kuti ana azikhala ndi ziphuphu m'magazi akuluakulu.
Lero inu mudzapeza madzi a lalanje otetezedwa ndi calcium, margarine olimbitsa thupi ndi vitamini ndi mchere wothira chakudya cham'mbuyo m'sitolo. Zili ndi zakudya zathanzi, koma ngakhale zakudya zopanda thanzi zimatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi zakudya zina zochepa kuti zikhoze kusonyeza kuti zimakhala zolimbikitsidwa kapena zowonjezeredwa. Choncho onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane mopitirira pazinthu zomwe mwalemba payekhayi ndikuyang'ana malemba a Zachilengedwe kumbuyo kapena pansi pa phukusi, chifukwa chitetezo chingakhale chinthu chabwino kwambiri, sichimasintha chakudya chamagulu kukhala chakudya chabwino.
Zotsatira:
Bishai D, R. Nalubola "Mbiri ya Food Fortification ku United States: Kukwaniritsidwa Kwake kwa Machitidwe Omwe Akugwira Ntchito M'mayiko Otukuka." Kupititsa patsogolo zachuma ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe. University of Chicago Press, 2002.
> National Academy Press. "Zowonjezera Zowonjezera Zakudya: Zotsatira Zotsatira za Zakudya Zolembera Zakudya ndi Zovomerezeka."
United States Food and Drug Administration. "Kodi Zakudya Zomwe Zakhala ndi Zakudya Zowonjezera Zowonedwa" Zopindulitsa "?"