Ochita maseŵera ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opweteka kwambiri ovuta (OTC) nthawi zina kuti athe kupirira zowawa zazing'ono, ululu, ndi kuvulala. Mankhwalawa ndi ena mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma samvetsa bwino kwambiri anthu ambiri omwe amawatenga. Zili zodalirika komanso zogwira ntchito zikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuti zithetse kupweteka kochepa, koma zimakhalanso ndi zoopsa komanso zotsatira zake.
Zimene Muyenera Kudziwa Ponena za Kupweteka Kwambiri
Pali mitundu iwiri yambiri ya kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa mankhwala: NSAIDs (antisteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), monga aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil ndi Motrin), naproxen sodium (Aleve), ndi ketoprofen (Orudis KT) ndi Acetaminophen (Tylenol ndi Panadol).
Zina mwazinthu zimaphatikizapo ululuwu umathandizira ndi zina zowonjezera monga caffeine kapena decongestants ndi kugulitsa mankhwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro. Nthaŵi zina mumawona mankhwalawa akufalitsidwa chifukwa chozizira ndi chimfine. Zowonjezera izi zikhoza kuthana ndi zizindikiro monga kuphatikiza kwa msana kapena chifuwa.
Kawirikawiri, ibuprofen, naproxen, ndi ketoprofen zimachepetsa kupweteka kuposa chiwerengero chomwecho cha acetaminophen kapena aspirin, ngakhale kuti acetaminophen ndi aspirin zili ndi ubwino wina. Nthawi zambiri Acetaminophen imalimbikitsidwa kuti athetse ululu wa nyamakazi chifukwa sizimayambitsa mimba. Ndichopweteka kwambiri kwa ana ndi akulu.
Komanso, aspirin ndiyo yokhayo yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa mtima.
NSAIDs
NSAID zimaletsa thupi kutulutsa prostaglandins. Prostaglandins ndi zinthu zomwe thupi limapanga mwachibadwa monga ntchito zothandizira thupi kuphatikizapo kuteteza m'mimba komanso kuteteza magazi.
Amathandizanso kupweteka ndi kutupa. NSAID imagwira ntchito poletsa ma prostaglandin onse. Tsono pamene iwo amaletsa omwe amachititsa ululu, amalepheretsanso omwe amateteza mimba m'mimba ndipo amatha kuyambitsa mimba kapena m'mimba mwazi mwa anthu ena.
Prostaglandin imathandizanso kumasula mitsempha ya magazi ndipo imateteza mawonekedwe a clot. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma NSAID omwe apangidwa kuti achite, amachititsa kuti munthu aliyense azidwala matenda a stroke ndi mtima wa munthu aliyense amene amatenga NSAIDs osati a aspirin makamaka ibuprofen (Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), diclofenac (Voltaren) ndi celecoxib (Celebrex) Kuopsa kwa mavuto kumawonjezereka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali NSAID. Komabe, NSAIDs zimagwira ntchito pochepetsa kuchepa, kupweteka, malungo, ndi kutupa.
Ngakhale kuti zothandiza kuthetsa ululu ndi kutupa, NSAID siziyamikiridwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito musanayambe kapena pamaseŵera olimbikira. Kafukufuku wambiri sanapeze phindu lenileni la kutenga ibuprofen ndikuchenjeza kuti ikhoza kusokoneza ululu, zomwe zingachititse ngozi yowonongeka. Maphunziro ena adachenjeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito NSAID panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha hyperatremia .
Aspirin
Ngakhale kuti amagawidwa ngati NSAID, aspirin ili ndi katundu wapadera.
Aspirin ndi kupweteka kwapweteka komwe kumachepetsa kutentha ndi malungo. Zasonyezedwanso kuti zitha kuteteza matenda a mtima, ndipo zitha kukhala ndi phindu lina lalitali, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya colon. Imachita ngati magazi owonda ndipo, motero, amatha kuteteza magazi. Aspirin ndi wosadziletsa.
Aspirin ali ndi zoopsa zina. Sitiyenera kutengedwa ndi ana osakwana zaka 16 omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za nkhuku kapena zizindikiro za chimfine, chifukwa cha ngozi ya Reye's syndrome. Sizowonjezedwanso kwa omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba, zilonda, matenda a impso, matenda otha magazi kapena zifuwa za aspirin.
Mankhwala Opweteka, Zojambula Zamasewera, ndi Gels
Mankhwala opweteka pamutu ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu.
Amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mavitamini, maulendo opangira mafuta, ndi mabala. Pali magulu atatu akuluakulu opatsirana opweteka kwambiri, koma othamanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri (Bengay, Aspercreme, ndi Sportscreme) ali ndi salicylates (methyl salicylates), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu aspirin. Ndizopweteka kwambiri zomwe zimachepetsanso kutupa pamene zimakhudzidwa ndi khungu ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, koma zimakhala ndi zoopsa
Acetaminophen
Amadziwika kuti dzina lake Tylenol ndi Panadol, acetaminophen amakhulupirira kuti amachititsa malo opweteka mu ubongo. Ndizimene zimapweteka kwambiri chifukwa siziletsa ma prostaglandin, choncho sichimayambitsa magazi a m'mimba. Acetaminophen amachepetsa ululu ndi malungo, koma osati kutupa. Ndi bwino kuchiza osteoarthritis kapena kuchiza omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mlingo waukulu wa acetaminophen ukhoza kuwononga chiwindi, ndipo zochitika zosawerengeka zakhala zikuwonedwa, monga mavuto otha msinkhu ndi mavuto a ubweya.
Kodi Kupweteka Kwakukulu Kwambiri Kwa Inu N'kutani?
Monga nthawi zonse, lankhulani ndi dokotala musanayambe kupweteka. Ngati mumamwa mankhwala a matenda ena onse (monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, shuga, zilonda kapena ziphuphu) ndibwino kuti mufunse za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi zotsatira zake. Onetsetsani kuuza dokotala ndi wazamankhwala za mankhwala ena aliwonse kapena mankhwala owonjezera omwe mukuwatsata musanawonjezerepo kupweteka kulikonse. NSAID sayenera kutengedwa ndi amayi apakati (Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu za chithandizo cha kupweteka pa nthawi ya mimba).
Ngati mutenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo, onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira malangizo omwe ali pafupi. Kawirikawiri, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen sodium (Aleve) kapena ketoprofen (Orudis KT) ndi othandiza kwa omwe akuvutika ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amachititsa ululu, kutupa, ndi kutupa. Mankhwala achibadwa amagwira ntchito mofananamo ndipo amayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yomweyi monga dzina lofanana, koma mtengo wotsika. Werengani ndi kutsatira malangizo omwe amalembedwa ndipo musatenge mlingo woyenera. Komanso musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa masiku opitirira 10 pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala akukuuzani kuti ndi bwino kuchita zimenezo.