Chimodzi mwa nkhani zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimatuluka zaka zingapo zapitazi ndikuti chokoleti ikhoza kukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali, mwinanso kuchepetsa zochitika za mtima monga matenda a mtima ndi stroke. Pambuyo pazinthu zonse-ndi kangati njira yothetsera imeneyi yosavuta kutenga? Koma kodi chokoleti cha mtundu wanji ndi cha thanzi kwambiri?
Kokowa ndi Amwenye a ku China
Chokoleti chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, koma kudziwika kwake posachedwa monga chakudya chokhazikika cha mtima kunayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990.
Ofufuza a Sukulu ya Harvard Medical School, motsogoleredwa ndi Norman Hollenberg, adafufuzira chifukwa chake Amwenye a ku China, okhala m'zilumba za San Blas kuchokera ku gombe la Caribbean ku Panama, anali ndi vuto la magazi, ngakhale atakula. Izi zinali zoona ngakhale kuti anali ndi mchere wambiri, umene unadutsa anthu ambiri a kumadzulo.
Ngati Kunas anali ndi maonekedwe awo a chiberekero kuti ayamikire chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, kusamukira kudera lakumidzi kumtunda sayenera kupanga kusiyana kulikonse. Koma zinatero - kusamukira ku mizinda kumagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi zaka zowonjezereka. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti Kunas ankakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa msuwani wawo, omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha matenda a mtima ndi khansa. Pambuyo polola zinthu monga kupanikizika ndi kusowa kwa kuipitsidwa, Hollenberg ndi gulu lake adatsimikiza kusiyana kwakukulu pa chilengedwe cha chilumba cha Indian chinali zakudya, kuphatikizapo chakudya chamasiku onse choposa makapu asanu a cocoa, munthu aliyense.
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa koco ndi zakumwa za Kunas, ndipo anthu a kocoa ndi chokoleti amagula mu golosale kapena malo ogulitsa - makamaka chifukwa cha momwe akugwiritsidwira ntchito ndi malemba ake.
Processing
Nyemba za kakao zimakula monga mbewu ya zipatso za mabulosi a kocoo. Pambuyo pochita zipolopolo ndi kukotcha, nyemba zimayimitsidwa mochedwa Cocoa mowa, womwe umakhala ndi mafuta a kakao (mafuta) ndi zolimba.
Kuthamangitsa kuchotsa mafuta ambiri a kakale, kumabweretsa ufa wouma, wouma, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito monga ufa wa kakao.
Mpweya uwu uli ndi zambiri za flavanols, banja la flavonoids , kapena antioxidants, zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kuti ndi zowonjezereka za thanzi labwino . Flavanols zimakhudza momwe nitric okusayidi imapangidwira mu thupi, kuthandiza mitsempha ya magazi kupumula, ndipo potero kumapangitsa kuti magazi alowe pamtima, ubongo, ndi mapeto. Zitha kuchepetsa kutentha komanso kuchulukitsa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo oopsa omwe amapangidwa mufupipafupi maselo a metabolism.
Panthawiyi, ufa wa kakao umakhala wowawa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ndi alkali - kawirikawiri sodium bicarbonate, kapena soda - kuti azikhala mdima, osakanikizika, komanso mosavuta kusakaniza zakumwa. Mwatsoka, njirayi yazaka 200, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "Dutch-processing," yasonyezedwa kuti iwononge yogwiritsira ntchito flavanol ndi 80%. Choncho, chiwerengero cha kakale chomwe chili mu chokoleti, kaya cha 60%, 70% kapena chapamwamba, sichisonyezeratu kuti pali flavanol, amanena Hollenberg mulemba la 2007 mu nyuzipepala ya Circulation . Iye ndi ena ochita kafukufuku wamankhwala adatsutsa zolemba mankhwala a chokoleti ndi malonda a flavanol m'malo mwake.
Amwenye a ku China amamwa makamaka pakhomo, losakanizidwa ndi mafuta a kakao, omwe ali ndi mazenera ambiri a flavanol.
Kupanga
Chinthu chosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa Kocoa wokhala ndi malo otentha omwe amafanana ndi kutentha kwa thupi la munthu - kutanthauza kuti "kusungunuka m'kamwa mwanu" kumakhala kosangalatsa. Mafuta ake, komabe, amaika okonda chokoleti pangozi ya kulemera pokhapokha ngati sakulipira ndalamazo pena paliponse. Bolokosi ya 3.5 oz (100g) ya chokoleti ili ndi makilogalamu oposa 500 (poyerekezera ndi makilogalamu 12 okha mu supuni ya kosalala). Kunenepa kwambiri kumawonjezera ngozi ya mtima, matenda a shuga, ndi khansa, choncho musayese kupatsa moyo wanu mwa kudya chokoleti ngati mukulemera.
Zoonadi, chokoleti chochepa kwambiri chingakhale chokwanira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wathanzi.
Pansi
Kafukufuku wa anthu a ku India a ku India omwe akukhala ku India amasonyeza kuti kakale yosagwiritsidwa ntchito ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri. Popeza flavanols ikuwonongedwa kudzera mu mankhwala a Dutch-processing kapena alkalization, yang'anani makoko omwe amatchedwa "zachirengedwe," popeza sanawoneke ndi alkali.
Zotsatira:
Andres-Lacueva C., et al. "Flavanol ndi flavonol zomwe zili m'kati mwa mankhwala a kocoa: mphamvu ya kupanga." J Agric Food Chem. 2008. May 14; 56 (9): 3111-7. Epub 2008 Apr 16.
Zomveka Zokhudza Cocoa. US National Institutes of Health Information Sheet. http://newsinhealth.nih.gov/issue/aug2011/feature1
Kenneth B. Miller et al. Zotsatira za Alkalization pa Zamadzimadzi Zochita za Antiocidant and Flavanol za Cocoa Powders. J. Agric. Food Chem. , 2008, 56 (18), pp 8527-8533. DOI: 10.1021 / jf801670p.
Norman K. Hollenberg, MD, Ph.D. ndi Naomi DL Fisher, MD. "Kodi Ndilo Mdima Mumdima Wokwawa?" Kuthamanga. 2007; 116: 2360-2362. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/116/21/2360.full
K. Hollenberg N. Vascular zochita za kakao flavanols mwa anthu: mizu ya nkhaniyi. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006; 47 Suppl 2: S99-102; kukambirana S119-21.