Chaka chilichonse, anthu oposa 76 miliyoni amadwala matenda odyetsa zakudya ku United States. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akudwala poizoni chakudya ku United States ndi mayiko ena otukuka akuwonjezeka ndi 30 peresenti pachaka.
Matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya nthawi zambiri amachititsa kunyoza, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena malungo chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe akuyang'ana pa zakudya ndi malo odyera.
Zizindikiro zingakhale zofewa kapena zovuta kwambiri, ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri ana, amayi apakati, ndi okalamba.
Pamene chitetezo cha zakudya chimanyalanyazidwa pa pikisi kapena njuchi posiya chakudya chowonongeka mu nyengo yofunda, mabakiteriya amawopseza ndikuwopseza kuti aliyense adwale.
Sungani zovutitsa zosafunikira zomwe mukufuna kuti muzitha kukonza phwando lanu la kunja ndikutsatira njira zoyenera zopezera chakudya. Onetsetsani kuti zakudya zimakhala zozizira kapena zotentha, ndipo nyama zofiira zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zakudya zophika kapena zokonzeka. Aliyense ayenera kusamba m'manja ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyera.
Muyeneranso kumvetsera momwe mbale yanu ikukhalira nthawi yayitali pa tebulo. Mabakiteriya amakula bwino pakati pa 40 ndi 140 madigiri. Zakudya zambiri zomwe mumatumikira pa pikiniki zimakhala zotetezeka pa tebulo kwa maola awiri ndipo ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala madigiri oposa 90, chakudya chimakhala chosatetezeka pambuyo pa ora limodzi lokha. Mukangotsala patebulo nthawi yaitali, musawasunge-kuwaponyera kutali.
Tsatirani malamulo a chitetezo cha chakudya ndi ukhondo panja mofanana ndi mu khitchini yanu ndipo musunge matenda okhudzana ndi zakudya kuti musasokoneze chochitika chokongola cha kunja. Nazi zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuzidziwa:
Sungani Zakudya Zam'madzi Zowonjezera mpaka Zidzatumikiridwa. A
Ngati muli panyumba, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito firiji. Koma pikisitiki mu pakiyi, imabweretsa ozizira ndi mazira ambiri kapena mafiriji.
Gwiritsani ntchito zozizira imodzi kuti mukhale okonzeka kutumikira zakudya ndi zakumwa ndi zina za nyama iliyonse yosaphika.
Zakudya za Pasitala ndi saladi a mbatata ndizambiri zapikisano. A
Mosiyana ndi chizolowezi chofala, mayonesi sizomwe zimayambitsa spoilage. Mabakiteriya amakonda mazira, mbatata, kapena zina. Onetsetsani kuti saladi yanu imakhala yozizira mpaka nthawi yakudya. Gwiritsani ntchito kokha saladi yomwe idzawonongedwe mkati mwa ora limodzi, ndikusungirako zina zonse ozizira. Ngati mukufuna zina zambiri, onetsetsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mbale yosamba ndi mbale; musagwiritsenso ntchito omwe akhala pa tebulo.
Zipatso Zatsopano
Zipatso zokhala ndi zowonongeka, monga mavwende ndi maapulo, zidzatha masiku angapo kutentha. Akadula, aziwathandiza monga zakudya zina zowonongeka. Ngati sadyedwa mkati mwa maola awiri kapena awiri, asiye.
Casseroles
Gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo zomwe zidzasungira kutentha, kapena kusunga zakudya zotentha mu uvuni kapena zozizira. Casseroles ayenera kuphikidwa ku kutentha kwa mkati mwa madigiri 165 ndipo amachitikira pa madigiri 140 Fahrenheit.
Nkhuku yokazinga
Nkhuku yokazinga yowonjezereka iyenera kutumikiridwa ndi kudyetsedwa mkati mwa ola limodzi kapena awiri mutaphika kapena kugula. Nkhuku yozizira yowonongeka iyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 40 mpaka itatumizidwa, monga zakudya zina zozizira.
Nyama
Ng'ombe yamphongo yambiri imatha kuphikidwa ku madigiri 140. Komabe, ma hamburgers ayenera kuphikidwa madigiri 165. Nyama yam'madzi imakhala yochuluka kwambiri kusiyana ndi steaks kapena chops ndipo nthawi zonse imaphikidwa kutentha kotentha. Nkhuku ziyenera kuphikidwa ku kutentha kwa mkati mwa madigiri 160. Agalu otentha ndi nyama zina zophika nthawi yoyenera kuyenera kugoledwa mpaka madigiri 165. Bweretsani kutentha kwa nyama kuti muyese pamene mukuphika.
Nyama yaiwisi ndi nkhuku ziyenera kusungunuka ndi kuzizira kufikira mutakonzeka. Nyama ikhoza kuphikidwa pang'ono kuti isachepetse nthawi yozizira. Komabe, imayenera kuchitiridwa ngati nyama yaiwisi chifukwa mabakiteriya adzakhala adakalipo kufikira ataphika.
Musamadye nyama yowonjezera kapena nkhuku monga zovuta kuphika wogawana bwino komanso mosamala.
Tengani mbale zowonongeka ndi ziwiya zogwiritsira ntchito nyama zokazinga. Bweretsani bokosi lapadera kapena thumba la pulasitiki kuti mugwire zakudya zomwe zakhala zikudya nyama zopanda kanthu mpaka mutabweretsanso kunyumba kuti mukayeretsedwe. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito matayala omwe amatayidwa ndi mapulasitiki kuti mutenge nyama zanu zakuda, ndi kuziponya kunja kwa barbecue.
Malangizo a Picnic
Sikuti zakudya zonse zimafunikira kusankhidwa kwapikisano, barbecue kapena phwando lokhazikika. Ma cookies, mkate, mipukutu, ndi opanga akhoza kusungidwa bwinobwino kutentha kulikonse. Zokometsera monga ketchup, mayonesi, ndi mpiru zimakhala zowonongeka, motero sizili zovuta pa picnic. Sungani zitsulo pajeti, kapena muzigwiritsa ntchito mabotolo.
Bweretsani otsupa, sopo, ndi madzi (kapena mankhwala operekera m'manja), mapepala, mapepala, ndi mapepala. Sambani matebulo kapena gwiritsani ntchito nsalu zatsopano. Sambani grill musanaphike.
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo topha udzudzu, ntchentche, ndi tizirombo tina osakonda, tipezani malo osambira musanabweretse chakudya, mbale, ndi ziwiya. Kutaya utsika kuchokera pawekha, ndipo lolani utsi ukhazikike musanatuluke.
Musalole alendo kudzipereka okha ndi mafoloko ndi zikho zomwe akhala akudya. Sungani ziwiya zopatulika zoyera pa mbale iliyonse yotumikira.
Akhale ndi alendo ochapa manja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala odzola manja ndikupukuta kuti kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya kwa munthu aliyense. Kusamba m'manja ndi kofunikira pamene mutumikira zakudya zomwe zimachokera ku mbale ngati chips kapena pretzels.
Zotsatira:
Dipatimenti ya Ulimi ya United States. "Nkhalango ndi chitetezo cha zakudya." http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/barbecue-and-food- chitetezo / CT_Index.
Bungwe la World Health Organization. "Chitetezo cha zakudya." http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs399/en/.