Kafukufuku wofufuza ndikufufuza kafukufuku wa matenda okhudza matenda a matenda omwe sagwirizana ndi zochitika zina kapena kuyesera. Zophunzira zimaphunziridwa pansi pa moyo wa chirengedwe.
Asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito kufufuza zofufuza kuti azisakasaka kuti athe kugwirizana pakati pa kuwonekera ndi zotsatira. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri za thanzi, ndipo maphunziro ambiri omwe mumamva pa TV kapena kuwerenga pa webusaiti, m'magazini, ndi m'nyuzipepala ndizofukufuku.
Zotsatira zake ndizo matenda kapena thanzi la mtundu wina.
Asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo kuchokera ku zinthu monga kafukufuku ndi zolemba zamankhwala kuti awone nkhani zina zili ndi chinachake kapena zinthu zofanana. Zinthu izi zimatchedwa 'kuwonetsa.' Ngati kuchuluka kwa kafufuzidwe kukuwonetsa kuti kufotokozera kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatira zake, ndiye kuti kudziwika kumadziwika ngati chinthu chowopsa. Chitsanzo cha kuwonetsetsa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chomwe chingakhale kudya nyama yambiri yosakanizidwa , yomwe ili pangozi yokhala ndi mitundu ina ya khansa. Nthawi zina kuyamwa kungateteze, monga kudya zakudya zowonjezera zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimawoneka kuti zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
Mitundu
Kafukufuku wambiri wotsatiridwa amalowa m'gulu limodzi mwa magawo atatu, maphunziro otsogolera / kuwongolera, kufufuza kwa magulu a anthu / magawo osiyana-siyana.
Maphunziro / kukambirana amayamba ndi gulu la maphunziro omwe ali ndi zotsatira zophunzira (milandu) ndi gulu lina la iwo omwe alibe (ulamuliro).
Asayansi akuyang'ana mmbuyo nthawi kuti aone ngati milanduyi ili ndi zofanana zomwe zimawoneka kuti sizimayendetsa kapena ayi. Maphunziro a zochitika / kuyang'anira amatchedwa maphunziro obwereza chifukwa amayamba ndi zotsatira ndikuyang'ana kumbuyo nthawi.
Maphunziro a Cohort atenga nkhani zambiri ndikuzigwirizanitsa ndi kuwonekera, kenako awatsatire kwa nthawi ndithu (nthawi zambiri zaka ndi makumi khumi) kuti awone omwe akukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe akuphunzira.
Apanso, asayansi akuyang'ana kuti awone ngati mamembala a magulu aliwonse ali ndi zofanana.
Kafukufuku wamagulu amayamba munthu asanakhale ndi zotsatira ndi kuyembekezera nthawi, kotero amatchedwa oyembekezera. Asayansi ayenera kuyembekezera zaka kuti apeze zotsatirazo pokhapokha atagwiritsa ntchito kufufuza kwakukulu, monga National Research and Nutrition Examinations Survey (NHANES). Anthu zikwizikwi amatenga nawo mbali chaka chilichonse poyankha mafunso ndikuyesedwa. Asayansi amafufuzanso uthenga wochokera ku NHANES kukafufuza mitundu yonse ya mgwirizano pakati pa zakudya, zakudya zowonjezera, ndi thanzi. Mwachitsanzo, mfundo za NHANES zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe kuti kuperewera kwa vitamini (B-complex vitamini) kungabweretse ku zilema zobereka.
Maphunziro a m'magawo sakuyang'anitsitsa kapena kumbuyo; iwo amangoyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika pa nthawi ina. Asayansi angathe kudziwa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi zotsatira za chidwi ndikuyesera kuyang'ana malo, koma popanda nthawi yambiri, n'zovuta kudziwa bwinobwino.
Mphamvu ndi Zofooka
Maphunziro otsogolera ali ochulukirapo, nthawi zambiri ali ndi anthu zikwizikwi, omwe amapereka mphamvu ku zotsatira, koma nthawi zambiri sangathe kudziwa chifukwa chilichonse. Popeza nzika zikukhala mwachizolowezi, kawirikawiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwonetsa zomwe zingasokoneze zotsatira.
Mwachitsanzo, mu maphunziro ambiri a zakudya, anthu omwe amadya nyama yambiri yofiira amafunanso kusuta, kudya zakudya zochepa, komanso kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi kuposa owerengeka. Anthu omwe amadya nyama zofiira amachitanso zambiri, amadya zipatso zambiri ndi ndiwo zamasamba kuposa nthawi zambiri, ndipo samasuta kawirikawiri.
Asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera kuti athetse zinthu zomwe zingasokoneze, koma nthawizina zotsatira zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zina zotsatira za maphunziro oyang'anitsitsa zimayambitsa mayesero omwe amachitidwa mosavuta (RCT), omwe ndi maphunziro owonjezera, kapena kuyesera, ndikuganiza kuti amapereka umboni wabwino kwambiri wofufuza.
Izi ndichifukwa chakuti nkhani zimakhala zosavuta kuzipatala ndi magulu olamulira, zomwe zimachepetsa zotsatira za zinthu zovuta.
Zotsatira:
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. "Ponena za kafukufuku wa kafukufuku wa National Health and Nutrition." http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/about_nhanes.htm.
Jepsen P, Johnsen P, Gillman MW, Sørensen HT. "Kutanthauzira maphunziro ophunzirira." Mtima. 2004 August; 90 (8): 956-960. http://heart.bmj.com/content/90/8/956