Gluconeogenesis ndi njira yopangira shuga m'thupi kuchokera kuzinthu zopanda makapu monga lactate ndi pyruvate. Ndi biosynthesis ya shuga yatsopano, osati kuchokera ku Gluconeogenesis imatha kuwonedwa ngati njira yowonongeka ya glycolysis, kuwonongeka ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku shuga.
Chakudya Chachizolowezi Chakudya Chakudya Chakudya Chochepa
Maselo athu onse a thupi angagwiritse ntchito shuga, ndipo ochepa amadalirapo.
Ngati mutadya chakudya chokwanira, thupi lanu limakhala ndi shuga zambiri kuchokera ku chakudya cha American chimene mumawononga. Mwachitsanzo, chakudya chambiri (kuphatikizapo ufa, mbatata, ndi zina zotero) ndizopangidwe zazikulu za shuga. Kuonjezera apo, shuga zomwe zimachitika mwachibadwa monga shuga wowonjezera zimakhala zambiri mu zakudya za anthu ambiri. Komabe, ngati zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi, thupi limapanga shuga kuchokera kumalo ena. Ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka ndipo ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe thupi limapezera mphamvu, gluceoneogenesis ndi ntchito yozungulira thupi lanu kuti likhale ndi mphamvu kuti lizigwira bwino ntchito za thupi.
Gluconeogenesis ndi Chiwindi Chake
Mankhwala a gluconeogenesis amachitika makamaka m'chiwindi, kumene shuga imapangidwa kuchokera ku amino acid (protein), glycerol (backbone wa triglycerides , mafuta oyambirira kusungira molecule), ndi shuga ya shuga ya madzi yomwe imakhala ngati lactate ndi pyruvate.
Lactate imapangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi kutumizidwa ku chiwindi kupyolera mu magazi. Usiku, pamene sitinadye maola angapo, thupi limayamba kupanga shuga pogwiritsa ntchito gluconeogenesis. Apa ndi momwe ntchitoyi ikugwirira ntchito.
Njira Zitatu za Gluconeogenesis
- Kutembenuka kwa pyruvate mpaka phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) ndilo gawo loyamba la gluconeogenesis. Pali njira zingapo zofunika Kuti mutembenuzire pyruvate kupita PEP kuphatikizapo mavitamini enieni. Mwachitsanzo, pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, ndi malate dehydrogenase ndi omwe amachititsa kutembenuka kumeneku. Pyruvate carboxylase amapezeka pa mitochondria ndipo amatembenuza pyruvate mu oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate sichitha kudutsa machechondria, choncho iyenera kukhala yoyamba kukhala malate ndi malate dehydrogenase. Malate amatha kudutsa membrane ya mitochondria mu cytoplasm komwe imatembenuzidwanso kukhala oxaloacetate ndi mankhwala ena a dehydrogenase. Pomaliza, oxaloacetate imasandulika PEP kudzera PEP carboxykinase. Masitepe angapo otsatirawa ndi ofanana ndi glycolysis kokha ndondomekoyi imatsutsana.
- Gawo lachiwiri losiyana ndi glycolysis ndi kutembenuka kwa fructose-1,6-bP ku fructose-6-P pogwiritsira ntchito puloteni fructose-1,6-phosphatase. Kutembenuka kwa fructose-6-P kwa shuga-6-P kumagwiritsa ntchito michere yomweyo monga glycolysis, phosphoglucoisomerase.
- Gawo lomaliza limene limasiyana ndi glycolysis ndikutembenuka kwa shuga-6-P kwa shuga ndi kacisi-6-phosphatase. Enzyme iyi ili mu endoplasmic reticulum.
Kufunika kwa Shuga Ku Thupi Lanu ndi Ubongo Wanu
Gulusi ndi gwero lalikulu la mphamvu kwa thupi ndi ubongo. Gluconeogenesis amatsimikizira kuti ngati palibe kutuluka kwa shuga kuchokera ku glycolysis kuti malire ochepa a shuga amatetezedwa pamene mavitamini alipo. Ubongo wokha umagwiritsa ntchito magalamu 100 a shuga tsiku lililonse. Thupi limatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya shuga mwamsanga.
Zotsatira:
Zowonjezera Zakudya Zakudya Zopatsa Mphamvu, Zakudya Zamadzimadzi, Mafiberasi, Mafuta, Zakudya Zamchere, Cholesterol, Mapuloteni, ndi Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (2005), Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences.
Medical Medical Biochemistry Page.com January 2016.
UC Davis. Gluconeogenesis. ChemWiki 2016.