Kodi Mukudziwa Zomwe Zili M'Khwamayi Yanu Yabwino? The FDA Kodi
Choyamba chinali 2008-2009 Salmonella kuphulika ku United States komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi tsabola woyera. Kenaka kudutsa kwa 2010 kunadza chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe ali ndi tsabola wakuda ndi wofiira. Panthawi imene matenda ambiri amatha kudya chifukwa cha zowonongeka, izi zowopsa kwambiri komanso zowonongeka za Salmonella zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika koyendetsa zowononga.
Bungwe la United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) linapanga phunziro kuyambira 2007-2009 (zotsatira zomwe zinasindikizidwa mu bukhu la June Microbiology ya Food June 2013) pofufuza 20,000 zomwe zinatumizidwa kunja kwa zonunkhira. Chimene FDA chinapeza chinali choopsa kwambiri. Pafupifupi 7 peresenti ya zonunkhira zomwe amaloledwa anayesera zowonjezereka kwa salmonella, kawiri kawiri pa zakudya zina zonse zomwe amaloledwa.
A FDA amakhulupirira kuti zochitikazi ndi kufufuza deta zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi dongosolo lomwe likupezeka kuti lidziwe ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa zakudya zokhudzana ndi zonunkhira. Chotsatira chake, chipatala cha FDA cha Chakudya Chakudya ndi Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) chakhazikitsa Pulogalamu Yoopsa ya Zopangira Mavitamini ndi Mafilimu mu zonunkhira.
Kodi Mukupeza Zotani Zathu?
Mbiri ya FDA inanena za mitundu iwiri ya zowonongeka zomwe zimapezeka zonunkhira: tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zonyansa.
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe tinkapeza pophatikizapo mankhwalawa ndi Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Shigella, ndi Staphylococcus.
- Zilonda zotchedwa adulthantants, zomwe zimaphatikizapo tizilombo ta moyo ndi zakufa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nyama, tsitsi, nyama ndi anthu, ndi zinthu zina zopanda pake monga miyala, nthambi, mapulasitiki, ulusi wopangidwa ndi makina, ndi zinyama za mbalame.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Kuzindikira Konyansa N'kofunika Kwambiri?
Pambuyo pa chiwonetsero chodziwikiratu cha zomwe apeza ku FDA, kuzindikira kuti zowonongeka zimapezeka mu zonunkhira ndi nkhani ya thanzi labwino.
Kulephera kuyang'anira ndi kuyendetsa zonunkhira kwachititsa anthu pafupifupi 2,000 kufa padziko lonse kuyambira 1973 mpaka 2010. Kukula kwa matenda okwana khumi ndi anayi kunayambika padziko lonse chifukwa cha zonunkhira zowonongeka, ndipo chifukwa chake anthu 1,946 anadwala, 128 anali kuchipatala, ndipo anthu awiri anafa.
United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) imanena kuti pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 1.2 a ku America ali ndi kachilombo ka Salmonella chaka chilichonse ndipo pafupifupi 400 mwa anthu amenewo amafa chifukwa cha matendawa. Pozindikira kuti mankhwalawa ndi owonongeka, omwe amapezeka m'matundumitundu, mabungwe otsogolera ali bwino kwambiri kuteteza anthu ku matenda omwe amatha kudya.
Zomwe Zidzachitike Mtsogolomu Kusintha ndi Kuchita Zosankha
A FDA amakhulupirira kuti kusintha njira zamakono zomwe zilipo kale kuti zitha kuthana ndi zonunkhira zitha kukhala zothandiza ndipo zakhala zikupereka njira zowonjezera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'tsogolomu, kuphatikizapo:
Kupanga Makamaka:
- Bweretsani mafakitale ogulitsa ndi maofesi omwe akutsogolera boma kuti muwonetsere zomwe mukudziwa komanso zomwe mukuchita panopa ndikukonzeketseni mapepalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala olankhulana bwino.
- Limbikitsani maphunziro a maphunziro kwa opanga opanga oyambirira.
Kufalitsa ndi Kusungirako:
- FDA kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi maboma a maiko opanga zonunkhira kuti apititse patsogolo kuyang'anira chitetezo cha chakudya mwa kukhazikitsa ndi kupanga mapulogalamu monga ndondomeko ya chikole cha Indian EIC.
- Limbikitsani mphamvu zowonetsera kayendedwe kake m'mayiko oyambitsa zonunkhira.
- Pitirizani kukonza zosungirako zonunkhira.
- FDA ikuthandizani kulankhulana kwa Alert Alert.
Kusintha kwapakati ndi sekondale:
- FDA, mafakitale, ndi akatswiri a maphunziro kuti agwire ntchito limodzi kuti apange malamulo ndipo angapereke chitsogozo cha malonda a zonunkhira pokonza mapulani a chitetezo cha zakudya omwe akuphatikizapo kuteteza zowononga.
- Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro a maphunziro a opanga mapulogalamu oyambirira ndi apamwamba.
- FDA ikuthandizani kutsogolera makampani pazovomerezedwa kuti zitsimikizidwe za mankhwala odzola mavitamini ochepetsa kuchepetsa mankhwala.
- Kuwonjezera (kapena mandate) ntchito ya mankhwala ovomerezeka ochepetsa kuchepa kwa Salmonella kwa zonunkhira zonse zomwe zimayenera kuti anthu azidya ku United States pa nthawi yoyenera kapena pambuyo pake.
- FDA ndi mafakitale a zonunkhira amachulukitsa kufufuza kwa malo osungirako zonunkhira zakunja ndi zapakhomo, kusungunulira zonunkhira, ndi mankhwala opatsirana ochepetsa kuchepetsa mavitamini omwe akuphatikizapo zitsanzo za chilengedwe komanso kuyesa kutsatiridwa ndi njira zabwino zogwirira ntchito masiku ano.
Malonda / Mapeto Ogwiritsa Ntchito:
- FDA idzagwira ntchito ndi CDC ndi maboma a boma kuti apange njira zowonetsera kusonkhanitsa kwa zonunkhira ndi kugula zambiri kuchokera m'mabuku ndi magulu odyera masewera panthawi yamafufuzidwe.
- Kuonjezera khama ndikukonza ndondomeko kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa zowonongeka kuphatikizapo kukula kwa chakudya kapena chilengedwe kunayambitsa kuphulika.
- Asayansi a zachipatala omwe akuphatikizapo kufufuza zochitika pofufuza ziwerengero za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu zitsanzo za chakudya ndi zosakaniza mu zakudya zomwe zapezeka ngati zovuta zofanana ndi vutoli.
- Pangani njira zatsopano zozindikiritsira matenda okhudzana ndi zonunkhira kapena zakudya zina zochepa zomwe zimakhala zochepa.
- FDA, mafakitale a zonunkhira, ndi maboma akunja kuti agwire ntchito limodzi kuti athandizidwe, komanso malamulo omwe angakhale nawo, kuti athetseretu kusalongosoka pochitika matenda a zonunkhira.
- Lipoti limakumbukira chifukwa chokhala ndi mankhwala chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa mankhwalawa kukumbukira kupatula ndalama zomwe zimakumbukiridwa.
Njira Zonse:
- Kuonjezeranso kuyang'ana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kupatulapo Salmonella mu zonunkhira komanso m'maganizo a anthu omwe amadwala zakudya.
- Phunzitsani ndi kuphunzitsa anzawo omwe akutsogolera, ndikufikira maiko ndi mabungwe ogulitsa zakudya kuti azilankhulana ndi zoopsa zapadera komanso zowonongeka.
- Kupititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mapangidwe oyenera ndi mapulogalamu othandizira kuti azitsulo (komanso zachilengedwe) zitsanzo za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo.
- FDA kulankhulana ndi malonda a zonunkhira kwathunthu pamene mawonetseredwe akusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zowononga zowononga tsopano kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kudetsedwa kwa zonunkhira sikungakhale kokwanira.
- FDA kulankhulana ndi mayiko opanga zonunkhira pamene zochitika zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zothandizira matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kudetsedwa kwa zonunkhira sikungakhale kokwanira.
- Kuwonetsa zizindikiro za FDA kuti zidziwitse bwino za katundu komanso kufufuza bwino komanso kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi FDA.
Kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza zomwe apeza mu FDA, Pulogalamu ya Kusokonezeka kwa Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi Mafilimu mu zonunkhira akhoza kuwonedwa kwathunthu apa .
Zotsatira
Doren, Jane M. Van, Daria Kleinmeier, Thomas S. Hammack, ndi Ann Westerman. "Kukula, Kusiyanasiyana kwa Matenda, ndi Kugonana kwa Antimicrobial kwa Salmonella M'zinthu Zamtengo Wapatali Zomwe Zinaperekedwa Kuti Zitheke ku United States, F200200-FY2009." Zakudya Zamakono Zochita Zachilengedwe 34.2 (2013): 239-51
"Mbiri Yowopsa: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mafilimu mu zonunkhira." Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Ukhondo ku United States. 2013.